This paper is primarily concerned with the assessment of outcomes in informal settings with a particular focus on science learning. An examination of hypothesized or presumed outcomes (both intended and serendipitous) of informal science learning experiences leads on to a critical analysis of the methodologies and methods used to assess those outcomes across a wide range of contexts. The eviden...

Learning outcomes define the veterinary curriculum and inform students about what they must be able to demonstrate to succeed. Stakeholder consultation during their development ensures that programme learning outcomes equip graduates to contribute to the veterinary profession. Effective learning outcomes form a hierarchy linking the programme, its courses and tasks. Clear outcomes direct studen...

Pharmacy and other health sciences educators have often faced curriculum and assessment issues. However, as expectations for accountability and assessment have continued to grow for higher education institutions, there is increasing concern about the development of assessment plans and the appropriate use of assessment data. A variety of approaches have been used for development of both curricu...

This paper aims to increase understanding and appreciation of formative assessment and its role in improving student outcomes and the instructional process, while educating faculty on formative techniques readily adaptable to various educational settings. Included are a definition of formative assessment and the distinction between formative and summative assessment. Various formative assessmen...

Background: The importance of assessing student learning outcomes has demanded attention from most everyone involved in the higher education enterprise, as accreditation and funding implications are often linked to the results. Faculty, however, are often critical of the assessment process because outcomes assessment is costly with regard to time, energy and other resources, and evidence of its...

Background: Every year, approximately 1.25 million people are killed as a result of traffic accidents. Between 20 million and 50 million other people are exposed to non-fatal injuries and many become disabled. The study aims to assess the contributing factors of traumatic head injuries and its health outcomes in Baghdad city. Methodology: It was conducted descriptive study to determine the con...