Context. Sunspot penumbrae harbor highly structured magnetic fields and flows. The moving flux tube model offers an explanation for several observed phenomena, e.g. the Evershed effect and bright penumbral grains. Aims. A wealth of information can be extracted from spectropolarimetric observations. In order to deduce the structure of the magnetic field in sunspot penumbrae, detailed forward mod...

Steam reforming reaction heat effects were implemented in CFD simulations of different packed tube models of 1-hole and 4-hole cylinders. A computationally less expensive 120◦ wall segment approach was utilized for the simulations in this study. Heat effects of the reactions were introduced by heat generation/consumption terms in the catalyst particles considering suitable reaction kinetics pro...

A vortex fluidic device (VFD) involving a rapidly rotating tube open at one end forms dynamic thin films at high rotational speed for finite sub-millilitre volumes of liquid, with shear within the films depending on the speed and orientation of the tube. Continuous flow operation of the VFD where jet feeds of solutions are directed to the closed end of the tube provide additional tuneable shear...

The gasification progress which was coupled between heat transfer and fluid-flow on rib-tube of Open Rack Vaporizer (ORV) was studied in this paper. Based on theoretical analysis and experiment, the k ε − model and wall-function were chose to simulate the flow field of rib-tube, and the multiphase flow was described by the mixture model, in which the dispersed phase was defined by different vel...

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has demonstrated a tempting prospect for applications in substitute of small blood vessels. However, present technology is inefficient in production and BNC tubes have a layered structure that may bring danger after implanting. Double oxygen-permeable silicone tubes in different diameters were therefore used as a tube-shape mold and also as oxygenated supports to c...

Nerve guidance channels (NGCs) promote axonal regeneration after transection injury of the peripheral nerve or spinal cord, yet this regeneration is limited. To enhance regeneration further, we hypothesize that localized delivery of therapeutic molecules combined with the NGC is required. In an attempt to achieve such an NGC, we designed and synthesized a novel NGC in which protein-encapsulated...

Four cyclone concentrators were designed and fabricated to compare their particle separation and concentration behavior, such as the major, minor, outlet, and wall deposition fractions. Two of the cyclone concentrators were the conventional type, with the minor flow tube connected to the particle outlet at the bottom of the cyclone. The others were modified cyclone concentrators with a gap betw...

In this study, turbulent flow around a tube bundle in non-orthogonal grid is simulated using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique and parallelization of fully coupled Navier – Stokes (NS) equations. To model the small eddies, the Smagorinsky and a mixed model was used. This model represents the effect of dissipation and the grid-scale and subgrid-scale interactions. The fully coupled NS eq...

The three-dimensional flow structures and dynamics of shear-coaxial nitrogen jets under supercritical conditions are comprehensively investigated using the large-eddy simulation technique. theoretical framework is based on full conservation laws accommodates real-fluid thermodynamics transport theories over entire range fluid states. Cryogenic liquid (132 K) delivered through inner tube a nozzl...

The rotating-flow boundary layer is a special case of the more general threedimensional boundary layer in which the pressure gradient imposed by the outer flow (above the boundary layer) is not in the same direction as the outer flow. The rotating-flow boundary layer thus has motion that is transverse to the streamlines of the outer flow, that is, there is a secondary circulation to the primary...