New symmetrical acyclic binuclear copper (II) complexes [CuL](ClO4)2 1 and 2 were synthesized by template method, from bicompartmental ligand 2,6-bis((E)-(2-(2aminoethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-4-methylphenol (L) and 2-((7E)-(2-((Z)-2-((naphthalen-1-yl) methyleneamino)ethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-6-((9E)-(2-((Z)-2-((naphthalen-1-yl)methyleneamino) ethylamino)ethylimino) methyl)-4-methylphenol ...

The stability of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) was investigated under photooxidative stress using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves, chloroplasts, and chloroplast lysates. Illuminated seedlings sprayed with the superoxide radical (O-(2)) propagator methyl viologen showed rapid GS decline dependent on MV concentration and exposure time. Degradation products of approximate...

Several lines of evidence indicate that abscisic acid (ABA) is derived from 9'-cis-neoxanthin or 9'-cis-violaxanthin with xanthoxin as an intermediate. (18)O-labeling experiments show incorporation primarily into the side chain carboxyl group of ABA, suggesting that oxidative cleavage occurs at the 11, 12 (11', 12') double bond of xanthophylls. Carbon monoxide, a strong inhibitor of heme-contai...

The aim of the work is to investigate the ability of higher plants to absorb and detoxify environmental pollutants - aromatic compounds via aromatic ring cleavage. Transformation of 14C specifically labelled benzene derivatives, [1-6-14C]-nitrobenzene, [1-6-(14)C]-aniline, [1-(14)C]- and [7-(14)C]-benzoic acid, in axenic seedlings of maize (Zea mays L.), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), pea...

Metazoan photochemistry involves cis-trans isomerization of a retinylidene chromophore bound to G protein coupled receptors. Successful production of chromophores is critical for photoreceptor function and survival. For chromophore production, animals have to choose from more than 600 naturally occurring carotenoids and process them by oxidative cleavage and geometric isomerization of double bo...

TGFbeta1-induced hepatocyte apoptosis involves the production of reactive oxygen species. An effective cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress is the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), and the rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is catalyzed by the heterodimeric holoenzyme glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL). Here, we demonstrate that TGFbeta1-induced apoptosis in the TAMH murine hepatocy...

Carotenoids have been implicated in protection of the eye from light-mediated photo-toxicity caused by free radicals. Under conditions of normal oxidative stress the carotenoids serve as protective antioxidants; however, when the oxidative stress exceeds the antioxidant capacity, carotenoids can be oxidized into numerous cleavage products. The determination and identification of oxidized carote...

Erythrocytes are very susceptible to oxidative stress, having a high content of intracellular oxygen and hemoglobin. In the present study, exposure to oxidative stress resulted in a significant impairment of erythrocyte membrane functions, such as deformability and anion exchange. Band 3 protein, also known as anion exchanger-1, plays an important role in these two functions. We show that oxida...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained attention with mounting evidence of their importance in cell signaling and various disease states. ROS is produced continuously as a natural by-product of normal oxygen metabolism. However, high levels ROS causes oxidative stress and damage to biomolecules. This results in loss of protein function, DNA cleavage, lipid peroxidation, or ultimately cell in...

SiO2-supported Ni phosphide catalysts are highly active toward the non-oxidative coupling of methane (NOCM) reaction, and their catalytic activity is strongly dependent on Ni:P ratio. We analyzed using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) to elucidate structure-catalytic relationship. Because only Ni2P was available as a reference material, we calculated theoretical XAFS based crystal structu...