SIGNIFICANCE Enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with different disease states. Most attempts to validate and exploit these associations by chronic antioxidant therapies have provided disappointing results. Hence, the clinical relevance of ROS is still largely unclear. RECENT ADVANCES We are now beginning to understand the reasons for these failures, which re...

Background Both viral and host factors are responsible for oxidative stress in HIV disease, which in turn activates the replication of HIV provirus by various pathways. Oxidizing stress is a pathologic phenomenon resulting from imbalance between the system producing active oxygen species and those defending the organism. The present study was aimed to assess oxidative stress markers in HIV pati...

the hybrid molten/solid in2o3 - 30-48 wt.% bi2o3 oxide materials were studied with respect to their transport properties. the conductivities, oxygen ion transport numbers and oxygen permeation fluxes have been measured by using the four-probe dc, volumetric measurements of the faradaic efficiency and gas flow techniques, respectively. we show that the oxygen permeability of the hybrid molten/so...

introduction: oxygen is a drug and physician and nurses should be familiar with the effects and potential risks of oxygen therapy. the current study aimed to assess familiarity of physicians and nurses with various aspects of oxygen therapy. method: in this cross sectional study, the familiarity of physicians and nurses with various aspects of oxygen therapy in a teaching hospital was evaluated...

The concept of trade-offs is central to our understanding of life-history evolution. The underlying mechanisms, however, have been little studied. Oxidative stress results from a mismatch between the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the organism's capacity to mitigate their damaging effects. Managing oxidative stress is likely to be a major determinant of life histories,...

zno nps (zinc oxide nanoparticles) has generated significant scientific interest as a novel antibacterial and anticancer agent. since oxidative stress is a critical determinant of zno nps-induced damage, it is necessary to characterize their underlying mode of action. different structural and physicochemical properties of zno nps such as particle surface, size, shape, crystal structure, chemica...

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is one of the major metabolic disorders. Diabetes is recognized for severe complications including diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. Long-lasting effect of hyperglycemia results in increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between radical-generating and radical scavenging systems. Increased oxidative stress has been shown ...

Erythrocytes are responsible for transporting oxygen to tissue and are essential for the survival of almost all vertebrate animals. Circulating erythrocyte counts are tightly regulated and respond to erythrocyte mass and oxygen tension. Since the discovery of erythropoietin, the erythropoietic responses to environment and tissue oxygen tension have been investigated in mice and human. Moreover,...

BACKGROUND/AIM Oxidative stress in cancer patients has been demonstrated to be partly mediated by neutrophils. Although it is reported that natural antioxidants, such as green tea extract, reduce oxidative stress, there is limited evidence of their effects in cancer patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of green tea extract on reactive oxygen species produced by neutrophils from ca...

High altitude exposure results in decreased oxygen pressure and an increased formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which is often associated with increases in oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. Exposure to high altitude appears to decrease the activity and effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes system. Moreover, during high altitude exposure several RONS generating ...