The early Eocene greenhouse world was marked by multiple transient hyperthermal events. The most extreme was the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~56 Ma), linked to the extinction of the globally recognised deep-sea benthic foraminiferal Velasco fauna, which led to the development of early Eocene assemblages. This turnover has been studied at high resolution, but faunal development into ...

Molecular-based analyses showed that extant "ungulate" mammals are polyphyletic and belong to the two main clades Afrotheria (Paenungulata) and Laurasiatheria (Euungulata: Cetartiodactyla-Perissodactyla). However, paleontological and neontological studies hitherto failed to demonstrate the morphological convergence of African and Laurasian "ungulate" orders. They support an "Altungulata" group ...

Data from four DNA regions (rbcL, matK, 26S rDNA, and ITS) as well as extant and fossil morphology were used to reconstruct the phylogeny and biogeographic history of an intercontinentally disjunct plant group, the cornelian cherries of Cornus (dogwoods). The study tests previous hypotheses on the relative roles of two Tertiary land bridges, the North Atlantic land bridge (NALB) and the Bering ...

The Durkan Complex is a key tectonic element of the Makran accretionary prism (SE Iran) and it has been interpreted as representing continental margin succession. We present here multidisciplinary study western Complex, which based on new geological, stratigraphic, biostratigraphic data, well geochemical data volcanic meta-volcanic rocks forming this complex. Our show that complex consists dist...

• The gabbro was originated from metasomatized lithospheric mantle. hornblende formed mixing of asthenosphere and slab breakoff propagated eastward under the Lhasa terrane in Paleocene-Eocene. Past geodynamic events can be reconstructed using spatial temporal patterns geochemical variability igneous rocks. Here we apply this principle to define timing geometry Neo-Tethyan after India-Asia colli...

The Rio del Rey sub-basin belonging to the Cretaceous–Cenozoic coastal basins of Cameroon is studied with geochemistry (major and trace elements) associated mineralogy, palynology petrography. One dominant facies (calcareous shales/siltstones/claystones) occurs in Cretaceous series two others fine- coarse-grained sandstones calcareous claystones/shales Paleocene series. Ratios LREE/HREE (9.27–2...