We report a case of successful high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) use in a patient with refractory polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Treatments with prednisolone (PSL) and various types of immunosuppressants including methotrexate (MTX) and intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCY) were unsuccessful, and then, high-dose IVIg therapy was added. High-dose IVIG therapy improved all symptoms including...

Article history: Received 14 June 2017 Received in revised form 8 August 2017 Accepted 8 August 2017 Available online xxxx

This paper investigates the global chaos synchronization of identical Pan systems (Pan, Xu and Zhou, 2010) by sliding mode control. The stability results derived in this paper for the complete synchronization of identical Pan systems are established using Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effe...

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is characterized by inflammatory necrosis of medium sized arteries. PAN can also be associated with stenosis or aneurysm of the coronary artery. However, the involvement of PAN at a coronary artery is usually asymptomatic, which makes it difficult to diagnose. In addition, all of the three main coronary arteries involved with chronic total occlusion (CTO) is a rare fi...

During lytic infection, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) expresses a polyadenylated nuclear RNA (PAN RNA). This noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is localized to the nucleus and is the most abundant viral RNA during lytic infection; however, to date, the role of PAN RNA in the virus life cycle is unknown. Many examples exist where ncRNAs have a defined key regulatory function controlling gene...

This paper investigates the anti-synchronization of identical Pan systems (Pan, Xu and Zhou, 2010) by sliding mode control. The stability results derived in this paper for the anti-synchronization of identical Pan systems are established using Lyapunov stability theory. Since the Lyapunov exponents are not required for these calculations, the sliding mode control method is very effective and co...

Providing adults with relevant information (knowledge that they will be tested at some future time) increases motivation to remember. Research has shown that it is more effective to have this information prior to, rather than after, an encoding phase. We investigated this effect in apes and children in the context of tool-use tasks. In Experiment 1 we presented chimpanzees, orangutans, and bono...