3 An Introduction to IQ 3 3.1 The Homogeneity Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.3 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.4 Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.5 An Example IQ Deriv...

Gibbs’ Paradox is shown to arise from an incorrect traditional definition of the entropy that has unfortunately become entrenched in physics textbooks. Among its flaws, the traditional definition predicts a violation of the second law of thermodynamics when applied to colloids. By adopting Boltzmann’s definition of the entropy, the violation of the second law is eliminated, the properties of co...

We consider the work of reversible mixing of ideal gases using a real process. New assumptions were made concerning infinite shifts, infinite number of cycles and infinite work to provide an accurate calculation of entropy resulting from reversible mixing of ideal gases. We derived an equation showing the dependence of this entropy on the difference in potential of mixed gases, which is evidenc...

---------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------We consider a distributed computer system in Wardrop equilibrium, i.e., situations where no user can reduce its own response time by unilaterally choosing another path, if all the other users retain their present paths. The Braess paradox is a famous example of paradoxical cases where adding capacity t...

What is paradoxical about the " Three-box paradox " ? Abstract This paper is a comment on quant-ph/0606067 by Ravon and Vaid-man, in which they defend the position that the " three-box paradox " is indeed paradoxical.

1.1. A STATEMENT OF THE PARADOX ...................................................................................................... 2 1.2. THE NATURE OF PAST APPROACHES TO THE PARADOX ...................................................................... 2 1.3. KEY POINTS TO THE ‘EPISTEMOLOGICAL NOTATION’ SOLUTION ....................................................... 3 1.4. OVERVIEW .........

Buying or selling assets leads to transaction costs for the investor. On one hand, it is well know to all market practionaires that the transaction costs are positive on average and present therefore systematic loss. On the other hand, for every trade, there is a buy side and a sell side, the total amount of asset and the total amount of cash is conserved. I show, that the apparently paradoxica...

A pattern of tones is explored that possesses some remarkable properties. It is heard as ascending when played in one key, yet as descending when played in another key. When the pattern is recorded on tape and then played back at different speeds, it is heard either as ascending or as descending depending on the speed of playback. As a further paradox, the pattern in any given key is heard as a...

This paper develops and tests a model to examine the effects of information technology (IT) in the US banking industry. It is believed that IT can improve bank’s performance in two ways: IT can reduce operational cost (cost effect), and facilitate transactions among customers within the same network (network effect). The empirical studies, however, have shown inconsistency on this hypothesis; s...