in recent years, we have witnessed the developments in the middle east region including changes in the political arena of iraq , participation crisis in lebanese cabinet, internal disputes of palestine and nuclear issue of the i.r. of iran . given regional rivalries between saudi arabia and the i.r. of iran , the mention developments led to divergence and tensions in foreign relation saudi arab...

the main aim goal of this paper is estimating time series of social capital in iran. for this aim, first we have reviewed theoretical and empirical literature of social capital, and then we used fuzzy method for estimating time series of social capital. we used latent variable, because social capital is a qualify variable. crime and participation indexes are two related variables with social ca...

BACKGROUND Long-term physical activity may affect breast cancer risk. Few prospective studies have evaluated in situ or invasive breast cancer risk, or breast cancer receptor subtypes, in relation to long-term activity. METHODS We examined the association between recreational physical activity and risk of invasive and in situ breast cancer in the California Teachers Study, a cohort of women e...

Most of economic and financial time series have a nonstationary behavior. There are different types of nonstationary processes, such as those with stochastic trend and those with deterministic trend. In practice, it can be quite difficult to distinguish between the two processes. In this paper, we compare random walk and determinist trend processes using sample autocorrelation, sample partial a...

BACKGROUND There is an increasing trend towards lower participation in questionnaire surveys. This reduces representativeness, increases costs and introduces particular challenges to longitudinal surveys, as researchers have to use complex statistical techniques which attempt to address attrition. This paper describes a trial of incentives to retain longitudinal survey cohorts from ages 16 to 2...

Data related to tranquilliser/hypnotic use is presented from a large (n = 9,003) random representative United Kingdom sample of adults (18+ years). On the day of interview 4.2% of females and 2.1% of males reported current use of tranquillisers. Increased probability of current use was significantly related to female sex, older age, increased symptoms of psychological malaise and physical ill-h...

As the move towards recycling societies seems to be a more or less global trend, there is a need for a better understanding of success and failures factors for recycling activities. Big differences between recycling programs within a country, even within a city, highlight the importance of local conditions and appropriate design and logistics of recycling activities. But although recycling seem...

Determinants of Further Training: Evidence for Germany Based on a German representative sample of employees we explore the relevance and development of further training in private sector firms. We focus on formal training and explore possible individual and job-based determinants of its incidence. We also show changes over time during a 20 year observation period from 1989 to 2008. Most hypothe...

There exists a national trend lowering the age to transfer children facing serious charges to adult court for trial. This study examined juvenile offenders' understanding of factual information about trials. Juveniles ages 11 through 16 experiencing their first institutional placement were administered a competence to stand trial screening measure, shown an educational videotape, and readminist...