The present article argues for what is essentially a return to the functionalist approach to investigation of memory. Two experiments demonstrate that the effects of level of processing depend on scaled meaningfulness of the material and study time. Data from those experiments along with data currently in the literature are then reanalyzed to examine the effect of repetitions. Of particular int...

Despite significant investments and reforms, First Nations students have poorer educational outcomes than non-indigenous students. Scholars pointed to the need improve cultural competence of teachers school leaders, revise punitive exclusionary disciplinary procedures. promote use culturally responsive practices mitigate impacts colonization, transgenerational trauma ongoing structural inequiti...