This paper aims to reveal the relationship between the minimum L2-sensitivity of state-space digital filters and the Gramian-preserving frequency transformation. To this end, we first give a prototype low-pass state-space filter in such a manner that its structure becomes the minimum L2-sensitivity structure. Then we apply the Gramian-preserving (LP-LP) frequency transformation with a tunable p...

In this paper, we present a dynamic simulator that uses proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). This source, is used as primary source with supercapacitor (SC) considered secondary source. integrates PEMFC’s model, validated on the Bahia bench and semi-empirical model of SC. The developed implemented using macroscopic energetic representation tool (EMR). energy management system (EMS) based...

The enhancement of radiographic and fluoroscopic images using simple video analog techniques is described. In each instance, both the degree of enhancement and the features of the image to be enhanced are under the direct control of the radiologist. Noise is suppressed with a sharp cut-off, low-pass filter. Three types of analog circuits are discussed. One provides edge sharpening and contrast ...

This paper proposes the design and analysis of (2 + α) order low pass Bessel filter using different optimization techniques. The coefficients proposed are obtained by minimizing error between transfer functions third-order approximation simulated annealing (SA), interior search algorithm (ISA), nonlinear least square (NLS) best technique based on in gain, cut-off frequency, roll-off, passband, ...

In this paper, a novel technique for the design of two-channel Quadrature Mirror Filter (QMF) banks with linear phase in frequency domain is presented. To satisfy the exact reconstruction condition of the filter bank, low-pass prototype filter response in pass-band, transition band and stop band is optimized using unconstrained indirect update optimization method. The objective function is form...

Piezoelectric force and position sensors provide high sensitivity but are limited at low frequencies due to their high-pass response which complicates the direct application of integral control. To overcome this issue, an additional sensor or low-frequency correction method is typically employed. However, these approaches introduce an additional first-order response that must be higher than the...

We introduce a novel scheme for spread spectrum systems, which we call the offset code spreading scheme. By employing the scheme, we can implement a directconversion receiver for a differential-binary phase shift keying system with a DC-cut high pass filter. This will allow us to eliminate the DC-offset by carrier leakage and mitigate the 1/f noise of the mixer. System simulations show that a 1...

A simple idea of the frequency transformation where each delay of the original real lowpass filter transfer function is replaced by the same allpass filter allows a lot of flexibility in manipulating the original filter to fit the required specification. The simple cases of real first-order transformations and a very few second-order ones have been suggested by Constantinides in the early 1970s...

This paper describes a new class of maximally at lowpass recursive digital lters. These lters are realizable as a parallel sum of two allpass lters, a structure that has attracted much attention recently due to their applications in multirate ltering and the existence of low-complexity low-noise implementations of allpass lters. This class of lters can be made to have approximately linear phase...