background: learning and memory are the most intensively studied subjects in neuroscience. two sites of mammalian brain which are important in learning and memory are ca1 region of hippocampus and purkinje cell layer of cerebellum. so, the aim of present investigation was to study of the effect of ovariectomy and passive avoidance learning on nr1 subunit of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor ...

abstract   introduction: diabetes mellitus accompanies with disturbances in learning, memory, and cognitive skills in the human society and experimental animals. considering the beneficial antidiabetic potential of apium graveolens (ag ), this research study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chronic i.p. administration of ag on learning and memory in diabetic rats using passive avoidance ...

neural cell adhesion molecules (ncams) are known to influence memory by affecting neural cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix junctions. this study investigated the possible role of camp pathway in the expression of hippocampal ncam and its polysialylated derivative (psa-ncam). the following pharmacological tools were employed for manipulation of camp pathway: a) forskolin; the activator of ...

Verapamil is a drug that blocks L-type calcium channels and selectively inhibits calcium ion entry into the central and peripheral nervous system cells. Verapamil is used acutely and chronically in treatment of some cardiovascular and central nervous system disorders. It has also been shown that acute administration of verapamil has no significant effect on learning and memory in rats, but the ...

Verapamil is a drug that blocks L-type calcium channels and selectively inhibits calcium ion entry into the central and peripheral nervous system cells. Verapamil is used acutely and chronically in treatment of some cardiovascular and central nervous system disorders. It has also been shown that acute administration of verapamil has no significant effect on learning and memory in rats, but the ...

Long-term memory is dependent on protein synthesis and inhibiting such synthesis following training results in amnesia for the task. Proteins synthesized during training must be transported to the synapse and disrupting microtubules with Colchicines, and hence, blocking transport, results in transient amnesia. Reactivating memory for a previously learned avoidance triggers a biochemical cascade...