background maternal passive smoking or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke may be a risk factor for maternal and newborn morbidity. objectives the current study aimed to assess the relationship between preterm delivery and tobacco smoke exposure in pregnant woman referring to the shabih-khani maternity hospital in kashan, iran. patients and methods an analytical retrospective cohort study w...

Inertial mass controllers, including passive, semi-active and active strategies, have been extensively used for canceling human-induced vibrations in lightweight pedestrian structures. Codes to check the vibration serviceability current controller design approaches assume that both excitation forces are same on a flexible structure rigid structure. However, this fact may not be assumable since ...

asthma environmental triggers play important roles in severity of disease. passive smoking could exacerbate asthma symptoms and enhance the decrease in lung function. cotinine levels could be a reflection of passive exposure to the cigarette both in adults and pediatrics. the aim of this study was to determine degree of association of asthma severity and cotinine level as a marker of passive sm...

leishmaniasis is a common parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. police personnel deployed in the suburbs and rural areas are the most often exposed to the potential risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis. furthermore, since the same police personnel are sent on duty to other places, their migrations can also play a considerable role in the transmission of this disease to th...

introduction : adverse health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ets) among non-smokers have been studied occasionally in developing countries. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to ets on outcome in pregnancy methods: in this descriptive and analytical study 600 non-smoking women delivering a singleton live baby were studied in delivery room in haja...

1 Introduction 1.1 Active versus passive Consider a precision structure subjected to varying thermal conditions; unless carefully designed, it will distort as a result of the thermal gradients. One way to prevent this is to build the structure from a thermally stable composite material; this is the passive approach. An alternative way is to use a set of actuators and sensors connected by a feed...

this paper provides a comparison of the maximum inter-story drifts and tip acceleration of both a 16 and 30 stories building each with different structural systems; hybrid r.c moment frame with shear walls and hybrid steel frame with shear walls and x bracing which are equipped by passive dampers. each of the building models were analyzed as fully non-linear structures for variety of dampers pl...

The application of control devices in coupled building system has been recently recognized as an effective alternative for seismic protection. In consideration of passive control approach, most of previous studies focused on application of fluid dampers, and the buildings in the coupled systems were in similar structural configuration. By recognizing the potential merits, such as simple in desi...

This paper is concerned with the variation found with respect to how languages morphologically mark argument structure (AS) alternations, a variation that I take to be related to the realization of the syntactic Voice head. The paper discusses the behavior of dispositional middles and reflexives in languages such as English as opposed to their Greek counterparts. I will pursue the hypothesis th...