The most important part of the testing attempts is the test case generation. Unified modeling language(UML) is the most generally used to describe design specification and analysis by both academic and industry. UML models offer a lot of information that should not be ignored in testing. Testing of software is a time-consuming activity which requires a great deal of planning and resources. In s...

In this article, we consider involutions, called togglings, on the set of independent sets Dynkin diagram type A, or a path graph. We are interested in action subgroup symmetric group generated by togglings. show that coincides with group.

A vector field guidance law and control system for curved path following of an underactuated surface ship model is presented in this paper. In order to obtain the path, continuous derivatives piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation applied generation based on predefined waypoints. heading autopilot controller designed 2nd Nomoto’s its stability guaranteed by Diagram Vyshnegradsky method. The para...

We propose a novel method of reduction for binary-based decision diagrams (DD) exploiting the similarities between Boolean functions. Conventional methods are able to remove redundant parts DD that adhere (or represent) identical structures. The proposed approach tries take advantage not only but also equivalent diagram, which produce results after change in variable ordering. Basic types DD, l...

Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) are an important data structure for the design of digital circuits using VLSI CAD tools. The ordering variables affects total number nodes and path length in BDDs. Finding a good variable is optimization problem previously many approaches have been implemented BDDs research works. In this paper, approach based on Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO) algorithm propose...

We present a hybrid path planning algorithm for rigid bodies translating and rotating in a 3D workspace. Our approach generates a Voronoi roadmap in the workspace and combines it with “bridges” computed by a randomized path planner with Voronoi-biased sampling. The Voronoi roadmap is computed from a discrete approximation to the generalized Voronoi diagram (GVD) of the workspace, which is gener...

We investigate the non-perturbative quantization of phantom and ghost degrees of freedom by relating their representations in definite and indefinite inner product spaces. For a large class of potentials, we argue that the same physical information can be extracted from either representation. We provide a definition of the path integral for these theories, even in cases where the integrand may ...

We present a hybrid path planning algorithm for rigid and articulated bodies translating and rotating in a 3D workspace. Our approach generates a Voronoi roadmap in the workspace and combines it with “bridges” computed by a randomized path planner with Voronoi-biased sampling. The Voronoi roadmap is computed from a discrete approximation to the generalized Voronoi diagram (GVD) of the workspace...

Alternative paths may significantly improve routing reliability in an IP network. One application of this technique is to enhance the reliability of the popular Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. In our proposed Reliable OSPF (ROSPF) routing protocol, one primary path and two alternate backup paths are deployed for data transmission. As expected, the number of shared links and ro...