Human health is threatened by various infectious bacterial pathogens but is also supported by many commensal bacteria particularly in the intestinal tract. However, many of the bacterial pathogens and commensal bacteria are taxonomically indistinguishable, with pathogenic and commensal bacteria existing in the same genus and even species. A typical example is Escherichia coli, which is commonly...

Studies associated with host-pathogen interaction and the principal mechanisms of pathogenesis including the systems adopted by the host for its defense has always been a topic of interest to the scientific community that primarily deals with pathogenic microbes causing human diseases. More importantly the post-genomic era has set a milestone in basic and applied science research by proper iden...