Virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria (adhesins, toxins, invasins, protein secretion systems, iron uptake systems, and others) may be encoded by particular regions of the prokaryotic genome termed pathogenicity islands. Pathogenicity islands were first described in human pathogens of the species Escherichia coli, but have recently been found in the genomes of various pathogens of humans, ani...

Mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA), which codes for 13 proteins (all subunits of the respiratory chain complexes), 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs. Several mtDNA point mutations as well as deletions have been shown to be causative in well-defined mitochondrial disorders. A mixture of mutated and wild type mtDNA (heteroplasmy) is found in most of these disorders. Inheritance of mtDNA is maternal, a...

Abstract Transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in the control of development and pathogenicity phytopathogens by directly or indirectly regulating expression downstream genes. Here, we identified characterized a zinc finger TF UvMsn2 Ustilaginoidea virens , homolog MoMsn2 from rice blast fungus. Heterogenous complementation assay revealed that fully restored defects ?Momsn2 mutant veg...

The moth orchid (Phalaenopsis sp.) is one of the most popular orchids due to various colors with distinctive shapes flowers. Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) family commonly found infected this plant. showed pale-colored blackish slimy rot. This research was conducted in three locations namely Denpasar, Badung, and Karangasem, resulted 10 candidates for pathogenic bacteria. pa...

during 2001-2005, 79 isolates of rhizoctonia from seed rot, seedling damping –off, root rot and dry rot canker of sugar beet were collected. based on morphological characteristics, number of nuclei per cell and hyphal diameter, isolates were classified in two groups, binucleate (4 isolates) and multinucleate (75 isolates). among 75 multinucleate isolates ,27 isolates were identified as  ag4, 28...

Abstract. Saputra A, Maftuch, Andayani S, Yanuhar U. 2023. Pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp (Litopanaeus vannamei) Serang, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2365-2373. Vannamei target EMS (Early Mortality Syndrome)/AHPND (Acute Hepotopancreatic Necrosis Disease) cases several Asian nations, including China, Vietnam, Ma...

Pathogenicity islands are sets of successive genes in a genome that determine the virulence of a bacterium. In a growing number of studies, bacterial virulence appears to be determined by multiple islands scattered along the genome. This is the case in a family of seven plant pathogens and a human pathogen that, under KdgR regulation, massively secrete enzymes such as pectinases that degrade pl...

abstract this study was carried out of identify the tomatinase extracellular enzyme in fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race1 the casual agent of wilting in tomato. 20 isolates of fusarium oxysporum were recovered from infected roots,crown and stems of tomato plants collected from fields in major tomato producing areas in northern and razavi khorasan province during 2009-2010 . pathogenicit...

Flax black spot was found in Ordos City 2022, mainly infecting leaves and the exocarps, causing turn yellow brownish with leaf tips before drying damage, exocarps became brown or a layer of mould which significantly affected yield quality. The Y3 K1 strains from infected were same pathogen flax identified as Alternaria alternata by morphological characteristics molecular identification. In path...