Currently, there is a paucity of research concerning the National Forum to Accelerate Middle Grades Reform’s Schools Watch national school improvement program. Of handful existing studies...

OBJECTIVE Paucity of interlobular bile ducts (PIBD), defined as absence or marked decrease in the number of interlobular bile ducts, is one of the causes of neonatal cholestasis. Treatment includes treating the intractable pruritus caused by persistent cholestasis. PIBD can be part of a familial syndrome of cholestasis named Alagille syndrome (AGS). We report clinical status of a case series of...

Pediatricians and hematologists alike should take keen interest in the report by Taylor and Kennedy in this issue of Pediatrics of a randomized, placebo-controlled study of daily oral iron supplementation in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants ,36 weeks’ postgestational age. Study subjects, managed according to relatively liberal transfusion guidelines, derived no benefit from the additional i...

Mitochondria are essential organelles whose replication, development, and physiology are dependent upon coordinated gene interactions with both the mitochondrial and the nuclear genomes. The evolution of coadapted (CA) nuclear-mitochondrial gene combinations would be facilitated if such nuclear genes were located on the X-chromosome instead of on the autosomes because of the increased probabili...

Neuromyelitis optica is a severe inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Most patients with neuromyelitis optica have circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the astrocytic water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which are pathogenic. Anti-AQP4 IgG-mediated complement-dependent astrocyte toxicity is a key mechanism of central nervous system damage in ne...

This article describes the expected phenotypic behavior of all types of ligands in constitutively active receptor systems and, in particular, the molecular mechanisms of inverse agonism. The possible physiological relevance of inverse agonism also is discussed. Competitive antagonists with the molecular property of negative efficacy demonstrate inverse agonism in constitutively active receptor ...

Introduction: Size-frequency statistics of impact craters in two considered Phoenix landing sites [1] within the Vastitas Borealis in the northern plains of Mars show a turn-down in the number of craters with diameters < 200 m relative to the distribution expected from published crater production functions. In this work, I describe the geologic implications of the apparent removal of these smal...

One-to-many relations play a crucial role in two major research areas of current grammatical theory: quirky identity and paucity of resources. This volume collects ten papers addressing these topics from different perspectives, focussing on new theoretical approaches to long-standing empirical problems. The ideas and analyses documented in these contributions have emerged in the context of the ...