To understand the characteristics of severe floods under global climate change, we created a design hyetograph for a 100-year return period. This incorporates a modified ranking method using the top 10 extreme rainfall events for present, near-future, and far-future periods. The rainfall data sets were projected with a general circulation model with high spatial and temporal resolution and used...

The relative roles of ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA glutamate receptors in supplying excitatory drive to inspiratory (I) augmenting pattern neurons of the ventral respiratory group were studied in anesthetized, ventilated, paralyzed, and vagotomized dogs. Multibarrel micropipettes were used to record simultaneously single-unit neuronal activity and pressure microeject the ...

New field evidence and discharge calculation procedures provide new estimates of maximum late Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula flood discharges for two important reaches along the flood route. Within the Spokane Valley, near the point of release, the peak discharge probably exceeded 17 ± 3 million m-sec. Downstream at Wallula Gap, a major point of flow convergence, peak discharge was about 10 ...

Spring-dominated streams in the Oregon Cascades are often characterized by nearly constant discharge and by peak flows that occur in late summer or fall, several months after the annual snowmelt. A model is presented that can account for the temporal variations of discharge and the delay between snowmelt and the period of peak streamflow. Springs are assumed to be fed by an unconfined aquifer t...

The aim of the study was to test the efficacy of a one month in-patient naturopathy and yoga programme for patients with asthma. Retrospective data of 159 bronchial asthma patients, undergoing the naturopathy and yoga programme, was analyzed for Forced Vital Capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume at the end of 1 second, Maximum Voluntary Ventilation and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate on admission, 11th ...

Discharge rates for populations of single auditory nerve fibers in response to 1.5 kHz tone bursts were measured in anesthetized cats. Separate plots of average rate vs. best frequency (rate-place profiles) were made for high, medium and low spontaneous rate (SR) auditory nerve fibers. At the lowest sound levels studied (34 dB SPL), all three SR groups show a peak in the rate-place profile cent...

according to recent studies, about 60 percent of surface waters and 57 percent ground waters are located in snowy zones in iran. in most areas of northern hemisphere and alpine environment areas, snow melt lead to the maximum instantaneous flow rate and is an important part of annual discharge. the present study investigated the effect of snowmelt on the surface waters and ground waters in baha...

using electric vehicles, in addition to decreasing the environmental concerns, can play an important role in decreasing the peak and filling the off-peaks of the daily load characteristics. in other words, in smart grids' infrastructure, the load characteristics can be improved by scheduling the charge and discharge process of electric vehicles. in smart grids, the customers are instantane...

We analyze synchronized high speed video images and ELF-VLF radio emissions from 11 sprite clusters observed on 6 October 1997. Quantitative analysis shows that vertical lightning charge moment changes of 150–1100 C·km occurred before the optical emissions reached their peak with delays of 2–11 ms from the lightning discharge. This threshold unexpectedly decreases with increasing delay from par...

In modern machining process, optimization technique is used to find the optimal values of input parameters and the effect of those parameters on response variables. If response parameters are more than one, Taguchi method of optimization may give different set of optimal levels for each response. In the present study, Taguchi-grey relational approach based multi response optimization has been u...