Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the most common esophageal disorder, which occurs at all ages. GER is defined as the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus. GER disease (GERD), which is a long-term complication, is a common pediatric problem. Clinical manifestations of GERD in infants include regurgitation, irritability, choking, gagging, vomiting, poor weight gain, and r...

The literature review focuses on penetrating macular holes, a topical issue in vitreoretinal surgery. Multiple theories and the modern view pathogenetic mechanisms hole formation are presented. A classification of holes is proposed.

This article provides an overview of key research on significant comorbidities that occur among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, including disruptive behaviors. Such comorbidities include oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, as well as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, suicidality, eating disorders, sleep disorders, learning...

ackground: The presence of a comorbid tic disorder may predict a poorer outcome in the acute treatment of pediatric bsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). ethods: Using data from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) that ompared cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), medical management with sertraline (SER), and the combination of CBT and ER (COMB),...

Conversion disorder is a neurological disturbance in which systemic symptoms are unconscious, thus not under the control of the child. Conversion disorder is a manifestation of a stressful or traumatic event. Physical symptoms may occur with motor and sensorial disturbances, including visual reactions which may lead the practitioner to suspect an organic cause. Visual symptoms include visual ac...

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the most common of esophageal disorder in all ages.  GER defined as passage of gastric contents into the esophagus, and GER disease (GERD), (symptoms or complications of GER), are common pediatric problems. Clinical manifestations of GERD in infants include regurgitation, irritability, choking, gagging vomiting, poor weight gain and respiratory dis...