OBJECTIVES This study explores the analytic implications of using questions about difficulty with daily activities that do not specify whether to consider assistance. METHODS For 1,054 Asset and Health Dynamics of the Oldest Old Study Wave 2 respondents, we compared responses to questions about difficulty without reference to assistance (ambiguous difficulty) to those about difficulty without...

The article focuses on evaluating the technical efficiency of garlic production in northwest Ethiopia. average yield region was lower than its potential, indicating a need to improve farming practices. Data were collected from 359 producers using random sampling. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier function used estimate efficiency, which found be 73%. This means that about 27% potential output lo...

The sustainability of cocoa production in Indonesia is faced with the problem pod borer (Theobroma cacao L.). In an effort to control main pests on plants, various techniques can be used, namely use natural insecticides and by technical culture form pruning. Natural insecticide whose basic ingredients come from plants that are easilybiodegradablein nature, so they do not pollute environment rel...

Metofluthrin is a volatile pyrethroid insecticide. Despite being widely used as safe household insecticide, it could cause severe systemic symptoms. A 19-month-old girl was taken to the emergency department after ingesting 1 mL of mosquito repellent containing metofluthrin. After arrival, developed respiratory distress, which worsened progressively despite administration oxygen with nebulized s...

To break dormancy and increase the germination of Prunus avium L. (mazzard cherry) seeds, various methods were tested including the removal of the seed coat after cold moist stratification and treatment with GA3, KNO3, or thiourea. Treatments with 7,500 ppm KNO3 after 120 days of stratification were more effective, yielding 64.54% germination of seeds with coat. In seeds without coat, 500 ppm G...

Methods Eight CRW trials were conducted in Lyon, Sioux, Clay, Monona, Crawford, and Hancock counties in 2013 (Table 1). Some trials compared a CRW-Bt hybrid with and without an insecticide, and others also included a non-Bt hybrid with and without an insecticide (Table 2). In Trials 1, 3, and 7, Pioneer Herculex® hybrids were used. A non-Bt Pioneer hybrid (987HR) was included in Trial 7. In Tri...

the aim of this study was to determine the environmental risk of pesticide a.i. applied to control insects and fungus in cereal farming in sanliurfa, turkey. in 2013, 8 active ingredients (a.i.) in cereal farming were applied for insect and fungus control in sanliurfa, turkey. these a.i. were alpha-cypermethrin(ec), chlorpyrifos(ec;wp), difenoconazole(ec), indoxacarb(wg), lambda-cyhalothrin(ec)...

Ethylene increased the germination of freshly imbibed lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Grand Rapids) seeds. Seeds receiving either red or far-red light or darkness all showed a positive response to the gas. However, ethylene was apparently without effect on dormant seeds, those which failed to germinate after an initial red or far-red treatment. Carbon dioxide, which often acts as a competitive ...

Propoxur is a non-systemic insecticide which was introduced in 1959. It is used against mosquitoes in outdoor areas, against flies in agricultural settings, against fleas and ticks on pets, as an acaricide, on lawns and turf for ants, on flowering plants, and in private dwellings and public buildings. However, nontarget organisms such as honey bees, birds and fish have sensitive toxicity respon...

BACKGROUND Understanding the feasibility of achieving widespread coverage with Insecticide-Treated Nets has to be preceded by learning how people value the Insecticide-Treated Nets and estimating the potential demand and willingness to pay so that sustainability of the intervention can be assured. The objective of this study was to determine willingness to pay for Insecticide-Treated Nets among...