The edible frog, Pelophylax esculentus, is a hybrid form that reproduces via clonal propagation of only one the parental genomes through generations hybrids while genome other species eliminated during gametogenesis. Such reproductive ability requires to coexist with or rarely both causing formation so-called population systems. Population systems and biology water frogs from east range remaine...

this study describes the influences of variations in life history traits and developmental patterns of pelophylax ridibunda. the causes of this variation were investigated by comparing observed patterns of interpopulational differences from geographic variables. the aim of the study was to investigate whether embryos and larvae from different populations of p. ridibunda show the same pattern of...

D-Aspartic acid is an endogenous amino acid occurring in the endocrine glands as well as in the nervous system of various animal phyla. Our previous studies have provided evidence that D-aspartate plays a role in the induction of estradiol synthesis in gonads. Recently, we have also demonstrated that D-aspartic acid induces P450 aromatase mRNA expression in the frog (Pelophylax esculentus) test...

In Germany, the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) was detected in 11 indigenous frog species, 4 newt species, and 1 salamander species in 64 out of the 181 locations (35%) investigated. Among the 3450 samples collected between 2003 and 2011, 284 (8.2%) were positive for Bd infections. The highest prevalences were observed in Alytes obstetricans (17.8% of individuals, 20% of ...

Climate change could either directly or indirectly cause population declines via altered temperature, rainfall regimes, food availability or phenological responses. However few studies have focused on allocation trade-offs between growth and reproduction under marginal resources, such as food scarce that may be caused by climate warming. Such critical changes may have an unpredicted impact on a...

Phylogenetic relationships among representative species of the subfamily Raninae were investigated using approximately 2000 base pairs of DNA sequences from two mitochondrial (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA) and two nuclear (tyrosinase, rhodopsin) genes. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum parsimony, Bayesian, and maximum likelihood analyses. Comparison between the nuclear and mitochondrial...

Pollution by nitrogenous compounds is a putative stressful factor that may be causally linked to the decline of amphibians. One way to understand the potentially detrimental consequences of eutrophication on amphibian populations is to investigate variation among populations differing in exposure to nitrogen, this variation potentially indicating evolutionary potential to cope with this stresso...

Long-term field studies have provided evidence of worldwide declines in vertebrate populations, including amphibians and reptiles. However, investigating the decline snake populations are scarce. As obligate predators, snakes play important roles local ecosystems turn affected by their food resources. In present study we investigated seasonal abundance habits a rice paddy compared results with ...