One of the current goals of the Pangloss knowledge-based MT project is the construction of a large (35000-node) ontology and lexicon. The upper region of the ontology (called the Ontology Base) is a 400-node synthesis of the PENMAN Upper Model and ONTOS. The rest is a network of commonly-encountered objects, processes, qualities, relations, etc., found in the application domain. Manually constr...

This paper presents a technique for interpreting output demands by a natural language sentence generator in a formally transparent and efficient way. These demands are stated in a logical language. A network knowledge base organizes the concepts of the application domain into categories known to the generator. The logical expressions are interpreted by the generator using the knowledge base and...

Civil engineering structures, such as tall buildings and long span bridges, are typically designed based on the principles of material and structural mechanics. Finite element model (FEM) analysis and wind tunnel tests of scaled models are often carried out to assist structural design (see, e.g., Penman et al. 1999). However, loading conditions in the real world are always much more complicated...

We investigated changes in the pattern of water use of an 8-year-old Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden plantation soon after thinning. Sap flow sensors using heat pulse technology were deployed across three stands thinned to a final density of 100, 250 or 600 trees ha-1 plus an unthinned control (1250 trees ha-1). Changes in the relationship between tree size and daily water use were ...

This paper describes a deterministic method for generating natural language suited to being part of a machine translation system with meaning representations as the level for language transfer. Starting from Davidsonian/Penman meaning representations, syntactic trees are built following the Penn Parsed Corpus of Modern British English, from which the yield (i.e., the words) can be taken. The no...

There are two types of drought as conceptual drought and operational drought. The three parameters as the beginning, the end and the degree of severity of the drought can be identifying in operational drought by average precipitation in the whole region. One of the methods classified to measure drought is Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). Evapotranspiration is calculated using Penman-Monteith...

Seven models commonly used to estimate the daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0) were evaluated in the middle Heihe River Basin of the arid northwestern part of China. The objectives of the study are to choose the appropriate model for estimating the areal distribution of ET0 and to explain the spatial–temporal distribution of the same through GIS in the study area. The results indicated tha...

This is a system description paper for a submission to Task 8 of SemEval-2016: Meaning Representation Parsing. No use was made of the training data provided by the task. Instead existing components were combined to form a pipeline able to take raw sentences as input and output meaning representations. Components are a part-of-speech tagger and parser trained on the Penn Parsed Corpus of Modern ...

The mysteries surrounding the ∼97-98% of the human genome that does not encode proteins have long captivated imagination of scientists. Does the protein-coding, 2-3% of the genome carry the 97-98% as a mere passenger and neutral "cargo" on the evolutionary path, or does the latter have biological function? On one side of the debate, many commentaries have referred to the non-coding portion of t...