Software evolution and its laws are essential for antifragile system design and development. In this paper we model early-stage perfective and corrective changes to software system architecture in terms of logical operations of expansion and safe contraction on a theory. As a result, we formulate an inference-based notion of property specification resilience for computational systems, intended ...

Emphasis on sustainable agriculture in Iran like the other developing countries, is responsedto the adverse environmental and economic impacts of conventional agriculture. Thisproblem, particularly about “greenhouse production” is considerable. The perceptions ofgreenhouse owners about the environmental, economical and social aspects of sustainableagriculture was discussed in this article. The ...

The aim of the present study is threefold. The first is that whether there is any difference betweendifferent proficiency level language learners 'use of spatial prepositions. The Second aim is toreveal that if the native language of the participants has any effect on applying the appropriateprepositions and also to find which spatial preposition is difficult to acquire. The present paperexamin...

Every Marriage in the Mandailing custom is not only an inner birth bond between a man and woman but there customary that has values must be adhered to. Marriage, sense of engagement, marriage legal consequences for law, which applies society question. The result this law occurs, example, presence application relationships are taste relatives (child relations, bachelors daughters) rasah tuha (re...

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This paper promotes the hypothesis that central grammatical categories must be analysed as pragmatic rather than semantic entities, in order to explain their seemingly redundant typological distribution. A case is made of the relatively complex English past tense system versus the single Russian past tense, and it is shown how the distinctions within the former system can be analysed in terms o...