Cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a common complication of cardiac resulting from the patient's exposure to complex combination factors in perioperative period. Current diagnostic criteria for AKI may underestimate incidence this due certain specific features patients. The introduction new biomarkers into clinical practice has shown prospective identifying patients ear...

The publication of To Err Is Human in the USA and An Organisation with a Memory in the UK more than a decade ago put patient safety firmly on the clinical and policy agenda. To date, however, progress in improving safety and outcomes of hospitalized patients has been slower than the authors of these reports had envisaged. Here, we first review and analyse some of the reasons for the lack of evi...

BACKGROUND As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secon...

BACKGROUND Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) results in superior clinical outcomes to hemiarthroplasty (HA); however, TSA is a more technical and invasive procedure. This study retrospectively compares perioperative complications after HA and TSA using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. METHODS The NSQIP user file was queried for HA and TSA cases from the year...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is a complex procedure performed in a patient population with significant medical comorbidities. Evaluation and modification of surgical techniques can minimize the complications associated with the lengthy learning curve for this procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a single surgeon's decade-long experience...

Patients with obstructive jaundice have an increased perioperative complication rate. Sepsis, bleeding, wound problems, renal and liver malfunction are all seen in these patients. Assessment of immune function has been an active research area in these patients. This review will examine various aspects of immune functions in obstructive jaundice, discuss the recent research results and controver...

Hagerty, et al. [10] conducted the 1st prospective cohort study about the role of preoperative finasteride for 25 patients given finasteride for about 2-4 months and 50 controls without treatment. They followed both groups for 4 months and found that only 8.3% of patients underwent preoperative treatment experienced perioperative bleeding while 37% of the control group got bleeding during the o...

EDITOR: Negative pressure pulmonary oedema is a medical emergency that usually arises from attempted ventilations against an acutely obstructed upper airway, such as the one that occurs during laryngospasm, resulting in transudation of fluid from pulmonary capillaries to the interstitium. Frequently, this occurs in the perioperative period when general anaesthesia is used. Clinicians should pro...

Optical internal urethrotomy (OIU) is the most common procedure performed for short segment bulbar urethral stricture worldwide. This procedure most commonly performed using Sachse's cold knife. Various perioperative complications of internal urethrotomy have been described in literature including bleeding, urinary tract infection, extravasation of fluid, incontinence, impotence, and recurrence...