Mutations in JAGGED1, a ligand of the Notch pathway, are found in greater than 94% of patients with Alagille syndrome (AGS), with NOTCH2 receptor mutations identified in two families (McDaniell et al., 2006; Warthen et al., 2006). AGS is a pleiotropic, autosomal dominant disease characterized in the majority of cases by neonatal jaundice, cholestasis and paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBD...

Abstract Study question What is the role of ClpX in spermatogonia differentiation and spermatogenesis? Summary answer required to maintain normal mitochondrial functions spermatocytes, deficiency resulted meiosisarrest diruption spermatogenesis mice. known already mitochondria-specific quality control protease, it maintains proteostasis via degrading misfolded or damagedproteins matrix. a AAA+ ...

There is accumulating evidence that divorced and separated people have much higher suicide rates than their married counterparts. In a previous paper published in this journal, it was observed that divorced and separated men were nearly 2.4 times more likely to kill themselves than their married counterparts. That study, however, failed to directly compare divorced men and women. While it infor...

There is accumulating evidence that divorced and separated people have much higher suicide rates than their married counterparts. In a previous paper published in this journal, it was observed that divorced and separated men were nearly 2.4 times more likely to kill themselves than their married counterparts. That study, however, failed to directly compare divorced men and women. While it infor...

Referring expressions such as “a long meeting” and “a restaurant near my brother’s” depend on information from the context to be accurately resolved. Interpreting these expressions requires pragmatic inferences that go beyond what the speaker said to what she meant; and to do this one must consider the speaker’s decisions with respect to her initial belief state and the alternative linguistic o...

The starting point for this paper is Ginzburg’s (1995a) observation that the resolvedness conditions for questions are not semantically invariant, but rather “fixed in a particular context to a level identified by the goal” of the conversation (p. 466; see also Clark 1979; Clark & Schober 1992; Perrault & Allen 1980; Groenendijk & Stokhof 1984:II; Gibbs & Bryant 2007). Such goal-orientation is ...

Grammar formalisms based on the encoding of grammatical information in complex-valued feature systems enjoy some currency both in linguistics and natural-language-processing research. Such formalisms can be thought of by analogy to context-free grammars as generalizing the notion of nonterminal symbol from a finite domain of atomic elements to a possibly infinite domain of directed graph struct...