Nonconcatenative languages have been claimed to employ a special type of phonological spreading of a consonant over a vowel, which assumes a representation that segregates consonants and vowels on different planes. I argue that this type of spreading can and must be eliminated from the theory, by reducing it to segmental copying as in reduplication. Crucial to this reduction is the notion of gr...

throughout the history, there have been deep cultural as well as scientic connections between iran and india. in medieval period, many persian physicians immigrated to india mainly because of political and social reasons. a good example of this was mirza mohammad hashem alavi khan shirazi who belonged to shiraz medical doctrine. he was born in shiraz, but immigrated to india and was in the cou...

jondishapour school was the first center of cultural transmission in the world among various civilizations like the greek, syriac, hindi, chinese and roman formed by permissive policies of khosro anushirvan in iran. the idea that iranian knowledge can be flourished with the help of progress made in science in different cultures was, for the first time, suggested by khosro anushirvan and his com...

this paper focuses on aftershocks behavior and seismicity along some co-seismic faults for large earthquakes in iran. the data of aftershocks and seismicity roughly extracted from both the institute of geophysics the university of tehran (igut) and international seismological center (isc) catalogs. apply some essential methods on 43 large earthquakes data; like the depth, magnitude as well as t...

arabic language spread in different parts ofpersiaafter arabic-islamic expansion in this territory. the iranians were interested in learning arabic, because it was the language of the qoran and islam and its injunctions which were based on monoism and unity of god; and equality and justice this is why one not find a book composed in scientific or historical or religious subjects or on etics dur...

Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince & Smolensky, 1993) characterizes linguistic knowledge as a ranked set of constraints that select the best possible output form of a word given a particular input. OT assumes that constraints are ordered transitively with respect to their violability. An artificial language learning paradigm was used to test this assumption by teaching participants to pronounce wor...

Since the development of Optimality Theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky (2004)) and Harmonic Grammar (HG; Legendre et al. (1990)) in the 1990’s, phonological theory has focused on the grammatical constraints that conspire to produce output generalizations. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, the focus was on representations, both above and below the level of the segment. Traditional feature matrices ga...

The crosslinguistic preference for syllables to have onsets has been modeled by various rules, principles, and constraints in a number of phonological frameworks. Early generative discussions include Kahn (1976), Selkirk (1982, 1984), Steriade (1982), Clements & Keyser (1983), and Itô (1986, 1989). In Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 2004 [1993]), this preference is formalized as the ONS(E...