OBJECTIVES To evaluate the contribution of traffic fumes to exposure to benzene in urban workers, an investigation on personal exposure to benzene in traffic police from the city of Rome was carried out. METHODS The study was performed from December 1998 to June 1999. Diffusive Radiello personal samplers were used to measure external exposures to benzene and alkyl benzenes during the workshif...

Diffusion-based passive samplers are increasingly used for water quality monitoring. While the overall method robustness and reproducibility for passive samplers in water are widely reported, there has been a lack of a detailed description of uncertainty sources. In this paper an uncertainty budget for the determination of fully labile Cu in water using a DGT passive sampler is presented. Uncer...

Diffusive monitors have been used for workplace air monitoring for many years, and in many cases have been found to be valid and cost-effective alternatives to conventional pumped or ‘active’ samplers. The state of the art of diffusive sampling is reviewed briefly, with particular reference to workplace air monitoring, and the potential for using similar or adapted devices for measuring concent...

This paper presents a framework for sampled-data control systems with generalized samplers and holds. This framework is advantageous in the point that it covers a large class of generalized samplers and holds and also in the point that it treats samplers and holds in a symmetrical manner. Using this framework, converging and non-converging properties of sampled-data control are investigated. Th...

We unify slice sampling and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) sampling, demon1 strating their connection via the Hamiltonian-Jacobi equation from Hamiltonian 2 mechanics. This insight enables extension of HMC and slice sampling to a broader 3 family of samplers, called Monomial Gamma Samplers (MGS). We provide a 4 theoretical analysis of the mixing performance of such samplers, proving that in 5 th...

This paper addresses the uniform random generation of words from a context-free language (over an alphabet of size k), while constraining every letter to a targeted frequency of occurrence. Our approach consists in a multidimensional extension of Boltzmann samplers [7]. We show that, under mostly strong-connectivity hypotheses, our samplers return a word of size in [(1− ε)n, (1 + ε)n] and exact...

Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed at 19 sites in northwest England to test their efficacy as passive atmospheric samplers for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). SPMDs were found to be efficient samplers for vapor phase species in the atmosphere, with good reproducibility between samplers. Species which are part...

This paper presents a framework for sampled-data control systems with generalized samplers and holds. This framework is advantageous in the point that it covers a large class of generalized samplers and holds and also in the point that it treats samplers and holds in a symmetrical manner. Using this framework, converging and non-converging properties of sampled-data control are investigated. Th...