نتایج جستجو برای: perspect

تعداد نتایج: 642  

2012
Joel Schwartz Johanna Lepeule

Advisory Group on Ionising Radiation. 2010. Circulatory Disease Risk. Report of the Independent Advisory Group on Ionising Radiation. London:Health Protection Agency. Available: http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/ HPAweb_C/1284475204588 [accessed 8 November 2012]. Burnham KP, Anderson DR. 1998. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. 2nd ed. New ...

2016
Suravi Patra

1. Department‐Related Standing Committee on Health and Family Welfare (2012 May) 59th Report on the Functioning of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO). New Delhi: Parliament of India; 2012. Available from: http:// www. 164.100.47.5/newcommittee/reports/englishcommittees/ committee%20on%20health%20and%20family%20welfare/59. pdf. [Last accessed on 2016 Mar 15]. 2. Goswami N, G...

2016
Shaun A. Goho

BACKGROUND Scientists conducting research into household air or dust pollution must decide whether, when, and how to disclose to study participants their individual results. A variety of considerations factor into this decision, but one factor that has not received attention until now is the possibility that study participants' receipt of their results might create legal duties under environmen...

2016
Daniele Mandrioli Ellen Kovner Silbergeld

BACKGROUND The most essential goal of medicine and public health is to prevent harm (primum non nocere). This goal is only fully achieved with primary prevention, which requires us to identify and prevent harms prior to human exposure through research and testing that does not involve human subjects. For that reason, public health policies place considerable reliance on nonhuman toxicological s...

2017
Jenna R. Krall James A. Mulholland Armistead G. Russell Sivaraman Balachandran Andrea Winquist Paige E. Tolbert Lance A. Waller Stefanie Ebelt Sarnat

BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Determining which sources of PM2.5 are most toxic can help guide targeted reduction of PM2.5. However, conducting multicity epidemiologic studies of sources is difficult because source-specific PM2.5 is not directly measured, and source chemical co...

2016
Joseph G. Allen Piers MacNaughton Usha Satish Suresh Santanam Jose Vallarino John D. Spengler

BACKGROUND The indoor built environment plays a critical role in our overall well-being because of both the amount of time we spend indoors (~90%) and the ability of buildings to positively or negatively influence our health. The advent of sustainable design or green building strategies reinvigorated questions regarding the specific factors in buildings that lead to optimized conditions for hea...

2017
Bei Gao Xiaoming Bian Ridwan Mahbub Kun Lu

BACKGROUND There is growing recognition of the significance of the gut microbiome to human health, and the association between a perturbed gut microbiome with human diseases has been established. Previous studies also show the role of environmental toxicants in perturbing the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions. The wide agricultural use of diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide, has r...

2017
Nelly D. Saenen Karen Vrijens Bram G. Janssen Harry A. Roels Kristof Y. Neven Wim Vanden Berghe Wilfried Gyselaers Charlotte Vanpoucke Wouter Lefebvre Patrick De Boever Tim S. Nawrot

BACKGROUND Particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) affects human fetal development during pregnancy. Oxidative stress is a putative mechanism by which PM2.5 may exert its effects. Leptin (LEP) is an energy-regulating hormone involved in fetal growth and development. OBJECTIVES We investigated in placental tissue whether DNA methylation of the LEP promoter is associated with PM2.5 ...

2016
Cynthia J. Lin Timothy J. Wade Elizabeth A. Sams Alfred P. Dufour Andrew D. Chapman Elizabeth D. Hilborn

BACKGROUND Blooms of marine phytoplankton may adversely affect human health. The potential public health impact of low-level exposures is not well established, and few prospective cohort studies of recreational exposures to marine phytoplankton have been conducted. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association between phytoplankton cell counts and subsequent illness among recreational beachgoers. ...

2016
Wei Xia Xiaofu Du Tongzhang Zheng Bin Zhang Yuanyuan Li Bryan A. Bassig Aifen Zhou Youjie Wang Chao Xiong Zhengkuan Li Yuanxiang Yao Jie Hu Yanqiu Zhou Juan Liu Weiyan Xue Yue Ma Xinyun Pan Yang Peng Shunqing Xu

BACKGROUND Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal widely present in the environment. Case reports have suggested that maternal exposure to high levels of Tl during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight (LBW), but epidemiological data are limited. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate whether prenatal Tl exposure is associated with an increased risk of LBW. METHODS This...

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