The Lyapunov spectrum describes the exponential growth, or decay, of infinitesimal phase-space perturbations. The perturbation associated with the maximum Lyapunov exponent is strongly localized in space, and only a small fraction of all particles contributes to the perturbation growth at any instant of time. This fraction converges to zero in the thermodynamic large-particle-number limit. For ...

Synoptic eddy–mean flow interaction has been recognized as one of the key sources for extratropical lowfrequency variability. In this paper, the underlying dynamics of this interaction are examined from the perspective of a synoptic eddy-induced dynamic instability. To delineate this instability, a barotropic model is used that is linearized with respect to a stochastic basic flow prescribed wi...

In this paper we present a new time marching scheme for the time dependent simulation of viscoelastic flows governed by constitutive equations of differential form. Based on the ideas of Carvalho and Scriven [J. Comput. Phys. 151 (1999) 534], a domain perturbation technique is introduced that can be applied to viscoelastic flows with fluid/fluid interfaces or free surfaces. This work mainly foc...