Urbanization is a product of human population growth and industrialization. In industrialized as well as developing countries, urbanization has moved humans away from many arthropod pests, but into intimate associations with others. Since the introduction of synthetic organic insecticides, urban dwellers have fought pests almost exclusively with repeated applications of chemicals. In agricultur...

Kunitz type trypsin inhibitor (KTI) family is one of the most versatile families of protease inhibitors. Their exact natural physiological role in plants is still unclear. According to some reports, KTIs are involved in proper growth and development of plants. Some researchers suggested their role in recovery from physical damage, while others have shown their applications in plant’s defence fr...

Cultivated coffee trees are under serious threat from climate change, disease and insect pests. The homogeneity of the crop makes it particularly vulnerable: nearly all of the world’s cultivated coffee originated with a handful of plants grown in Ethiopia. Little scientific research has gone into cultivating coffee, but that situation is beginning to change. Scientists are now hurrying to intro...

1 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502324, Telangana, India. 2 Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, India. 3 Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Degree College Sopore-193201, J&K, India. 4 Department of Entomology, SKUAST-K; Shalimar, Srinagar, J&K, India. *Corresponding author: abdul...

The western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is one of the most serious crop pests in North America and Europe. WCR feeding causes reduced water and mineral uptake. Yield loss is most severe when water is limiting. Grain from damaged plants is also more likely to be left in the field due to increased lodging of plants with reduced brace root support. WCR are univoltin...

Plant tolerance to insect pests has been indicated to be a unique category of resistance, however, very little information is available on the mechanism of tolerance against insect pests. Tolerance is distinctive in terms of the plant's ability to withstand or recover from herbivore injury through growth and compensatory physiological processes. Because plant tolerance involves plant compensato...

BACKGROUND The development and commercialisation of new chemical classes of insecticides for efficient crop protection measures against destructive invertebrate pests is of utmost importance to overcome resistance issues and to secure sustainable crop yields. Flupyradifurone introduced here is the first representative of the novel butenolide class of insecticides active against various sucking ...

Due to the increasing resistance of pests chemical insecticides and negative consequences arising from use chemicals, such as environmental contamination health hazards, alternative methods control need be studied. In nature, essential oils play an important role in protecting plants antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals, insecticides, also against herbivores by reducing their appetite for pl...