Permeability glycoprotein (Pgp) is an essential membrane-bound transporter that efficiently extracts compounds from a cell. As such, it is a critical determinant of the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Multidrug resistance in cancer is often associated with overexpression of Pgp, which increases the efflux of chemotherapeutic agents from the cell. This, in turn, may prevent an effective tre...

P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a drug transporter that plays important roles in multidrug resistance and drug pharmacokinetics. The inhibition of Pgp has become a notable strategy for combating multidrug-resistant cancers and improving therapeutic outcomes. However, the polyspecific nature of Pgp, together with inconsistent results in experimental assays, renders the determination of endpoints for Pgp...

The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a significant obstacle in treating cancer patients with chemotherapy. To identify small-molecule compounds that can reverse MDR, the authors used a cell-based screening assay with an MDR ovarian cancer cell line. Incubating MDR cells with a sublethal concentration of paclitaxel in combination with each of 2000 small-molecule compounds from t...

Carbonic anhydrase XII (CAXII) is a membrane enzyme that maintains pH homeostasis and sustains optimum P-glycoprotein (Pgp) efflux activity in cancer cells. Here, we investigated a panel of eight CAXII inhibitors (compounds 1-8), for their potential to reverse Pgp mediated tumor cell chemoresistance. Inhibitors (5 nM) were screened in human and murine cancer cells (colon, lung, breast, bone) wi...

In this work we monitor the catalytic mechanism of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Pgp, a member of the ATP binding cassette family of transport proteins, is found in the plasma membrane of animal cells where it is involved in the ATP hydrolysis driven export of hydrophobic molecules. When expressed in the plasma membrane of cancer cells...

Caco-2 cells grown in the presence of 1alpha,25-di-OH vitamin D(3) (di-OH vit D(3)) were used as a model to evaluate the effects of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) efflux on CYP3A4-mediated metabolism of indinavir during intestinal absorption. Caco-2 cells grown under these conditions demonstrated significant CYP3A4 activity and maintained Pgp-mediated directional transport of indinavir. Metabolism of ind...

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can be identified by the expression of the CD34 molecule. CD34+ cells are found in bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord blood (UCB) and in mobilized peripheral blood (PB). CD34+ cells express P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a product of the multidrug resistance (MDR) gene. Pgp activity can be measured by the efflux of the dye Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123) and can be blocked by verapa...

Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) within extracellular spaces of the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD). In sporadic, late-onset AD, there is little evidence for increased Abeta production, suggesting that decreased elimination from the brain may contribute to elevated levels of Abeta and plaque formation. Efflux transport of Abeta across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) contributes ...

The presence of the Pgp-1 glycoprotein on mouse platelets is demonstrated by antibody-binding techniques, by immunoprecipitation, and by transblotting using the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) C71/26 against Pgp-1. C71/26 immunoprecipitates as a broad band of mol wt 87,000 to 100,000 as determined by radioiodination of the platelet cell surface and by the 3H-sodium borohydride labeling technique. Im...

Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are widely used parasiticides against nematodes and arthropods, but resistance is frequently observed in parasitic nematodes of horses and livestock. Reports claiming resistance or decreased susceptibility in human nematodes are increasing. Since no target site directed ML resistance mechanisms have been identified, non-specific mechanisms were frequently implicated i...