Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) systems were used for the development of a system and operating procedures for the high production and storage of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by wastewater treatment (activated sludge) bacterial cultures. The systems were maintained at a nominal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 hours, and a temperature of 20°C. The solids retention time (SRT) was maintained a...

Recombinant Escherichia coli harboring the medium-chain-length (MCL) polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene has been shown to accumulate MCL-PHAs from fatty acids when FadB is inactive. However, the enzymes in fadB mutant E. coli responsible for channeling the beta-oxidation intermediates to PHA biosynthesis have not been fully elucidated. Only recently, two enzymes encoded by yfcX and maoC h...

P HYTOHEMAGGLUTININ (PHA), an extract of the red kidney bean, agglutinates erythrocytes,’ leukocytes,’ and other types of cells.2 Lymphocytes, stimulated by PHA, show an increase in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. These metabolic changes are accompanied by cell enlargement and mitosis. Little is known about the site where PHA attaches to the cell or of the mechanism underlying its mitog...

Organ development is a complex process involving the coordination of cell proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenetic events. Using a screen to identify genes that function coordinately with lin-35/Rb during animal development, we have isolated a weak loss-of-function (LOF) mutation in pha-1. lin-35; pha-1 double mutants are defective at an early step in pharyngeal morphogenesis leading t...

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) composed of a mixture of short-chain-length-medium-chain-length (SCL-MCL) hydroxyacyl monomers are biologically produced polyesters that have properties ranging from thermoplastic to elastomeric, dependent on the molar ratio of SCL to MCL monomers incorporated into the copolymer. Because of the potential wide range of properties and applications for SCL-MCL PHA copo...

A passive hemagglutination (PHA) assay for antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin is described which utilizes chromic chloride-treated ovine erythrocytes coated with purified toxin. PHA antitoxin titers correlated well with those obtained by a cytotoxicity neutralization assay (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001), whereas the PHA assay was four to eight times as sensitive. The mean serum PHA tite...

The acetoacetyl-CoA reductase and the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase from Ralstonia eutropha (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus) were expressed in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, and PHA-negative mutants of R. eutropha and Pseudomonas putida. While expression in E. coli strains resulted in the accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [PHB], strains of R. eutropha, P. putida and K. aero...

The pha-4 locus encodes a forkhead box A (FoxA/HNF3) transcription factor homolog that specifies organ identity for Caenorhabditis elegans pharyngeal cells. We used microarrays to identify pharyngeal genes and analyzed those genes to determine which were direct PHA-4 targets. Our data suggest that PHA-4 directly activates most or all pharyngeal genes. Furthermore, the relative affinity of PHA-4...

BACKGROUND: The primitive hypoglossal artery (PHA) is a rare vascular anomaly, which belongs to the group of carotid-basilar anastomosis that may occur in adults. CASE PRESENTATION: Herein is presented a case of a patient with a PHA, who had undergone a cerebral angiography due to investigation of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Additionally, the diagnostic alternatives for detection and assessment of...

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) are unique players in carbon cycling in the ocean. Cellular carbon storage is an important mechanism regulating the nutrition status of AAPB but is not yet well understood. In this paper, six AAPB species (Dinoroseobacter sp. JL1447, Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114, Roseobacter litoralis OCh 149, Dinoroseobacter shibae DFL 12(T), Labrenzia alexa...