It is shown that the energy dependence of the time lags in Cygnus X-1 excludes any significant contribution of the standard reflected component to the observed lags. The conclusion is valid in the 0.1–10 Hz frequency range where time lags have been detected with high enough significance. In fact the data hint that reflected component is working in opposite direction, reducing the lags at energi...

This paper presents a mathematical de nition of Left-Associative Grammar, and describes its formal properties. Conceptually, LA-grammar is based on the notion of possible continuations, in contrast to more traditional systems such as Phrase Structure Grammar and Categorial Grammar, which are linguistically motivated in terms of possible substitutions. It is shown that LA-grammar generates all a...

When introduced to new ecosystems, species' populations often grow immediately postrelease. Some species, however, maintain a low population size for years or decades before sudden, rapid growth is observed. Because exponential always starts slowly, it can be difficult distinguish species experiencing the early phases of slow (inherent lags) from those with actively delayed rates (prolonged lag...

Direct gating of mechanoelectrical transduction channels by mechanical force is a basic feature of hair cells that assures fast transduction and underpins the mechanical amplification of acoustic inputs, but the associated non-linearity - the gating compliance - inevitably distorts signals. Because reducing distortion would make the ear a better detector, we sought mechanisms with that effect. ...

The traditional control of high speed motion control system usually employs feedforward control to provide phase advance. In this paper, we proposed a predictive observer to compensate phase lags in the feedback loop. By employing the observer, the velocity and the position controller can be designed as for a plant does not have phase lag elements. Then, loop gains can be enlarged and motion sp...

In this brief, types of frequency compensation for operation transconductance amplifier are explained in detail. Compensation which is used to enhance frequency stability of the OTA, and to make gain and phase linear for required frequency range. As we know capacitor inside the OTA causes output to lag behind by 90° with each pole they create, If the addition of these phase lags add-up to 360°,...

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a highly beneficial technological advancement which could eventually change the way of doing business. However, the difficulty in assessing the potential benefits of RFID has been delayed RFID related investment decisions within organizations. Especially, time lag, or payback time from RFID investment, has been one of key barriers in RFID investment. Thi...

We explore implications of the rational theory of momentum and reversal in Vayanos and Woolley (2011) for empirical work and portfolio management. We compute closed-form Sharpe ratios of various implementations of momentum and value strategies, of combinations of these strategies, and for general investment horizons. For plausible parameter values, the correlation between momentum and value ret...

In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling on two-machine permutation flowshop with minimal time lags between consecutive operations of each job. The aim is to find a feasible schedule that minimizes the total tardiness. This problem is known to be NP-hard in the strong sense. We propose two mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models and two types of valid inequalities which aim t...