Bump mapping is a normal-perturbation rendering technique for simulating lighting effects caused by patterned irregularities on otherwise locally smooth surfaces. By encoding such surface patterns in texture maps, texture-based bump mapping simulates a surface’s irregular lighting appearance without modeling the patterns as true geometric perturbations to the surface. Bump mapping is advantageo...

In this paper, we analyze in some detail the manifold-mapping optimization technique introduced recently [Echeverría and Hemker in space mapping and defect correction. Comput Methods Appl Math 5(2): 107-–136, 2005]. Manifold mapping aims at accelerating optimal design procedures that otherwise require many evaluations of time-expensive cost functions. We give a proof of convergence for the mani...

Received, May 25, 2006. Accepted, November 10, 2006. Creating transient lesions or inducing overt movements through the use of direct electrocortical stimulation (ECS), either extraor intraoperatively, has been an established practice in delineating eloquent cortex (3, 5, 26). This has been critical in minimizing the risk in neurological surgeries that involve seizure focus, tumor, or vascular ...

ABSTRACT: Radar is gaining increasing credibility as a technique for rapid and accurate topographic mapping. Precision and accuracy of elevation and ground displacement assessed from Interferometry SAR (InSAR) depend essentially on phase difference or interferogram quality. The phase noise degrades the visual quality of the interferogram and increases the error in phase unwrapping results. Many...

we consider a mixed boundary value problem for a quarter-plane with a robin condition on one edge. we have developed two procedures, one based on the advanced theory of dual integral equations and the other, in our opinion simpler technique, relying on conformal mapping. both of the procedures are of interest, because the former may be easier to adapt to other boundary value problems.

Abstract Phase field modeling finds utility in various areas. In optimization theory particular, the distributed control and Neumann boundary of phase models have been investigated thoroughly. Dirichlet parabolic equations is commonly addressed using very weak formulation or an approximation by Robin conditions. this paper, for a model with non-singular potential lift technique. The correspondi...

The purpose of this paper is to explore a new way of autonomous mapping. Current systems using perception techniques like LAZER or SONAR use probabilistic methods and have a drawback of allowing considerable uncertainty in the mapping process. Our approach is to break down the environment, specifically indoor, into reachable areas and objects, separated by boundaries, and identifying their shap...

--------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------------------------------Multi-carrier modulation is an attractive technique for fourth generation wireless communication. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is multi-carrier transmission scheme. Its high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted...

The Fuzzy logic concept is implemented in several image processing operations such as edge detection, segmentation, object recognition, etc. In this paper, a novel Image encryption algorithm based on multiple fuzzy graph (FG) mapping technique is proposed. The Fuzzy graphs are obtained from a matrix of size n and then they are used to encrypt an image. Here fuzzy graphs with triangular and sigm...