We have identified a 56-kb pathogenicity island (PAI) in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain O1:K1 (APEC-O1). This PAI, termed PAI I(APEC-O1), is integrated adjacent to the 3' end of the pheV tRNA gene. It carries putative virulence genes of APEC (pap operon), other E. coli genes (tia and ireA), and a 1.5-kb region unique to APEC-O1. The kps gene cluster required for the biosynthesis of po...

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have the ability to drastically reduce petroleum use. The FreedomCAR Office of Vehicle Technology is developing a program to study the potential of this technology. This paper describes work in which several tools were used to evaluate the impacts of various parameters on PHEV fuel economy. First, the impacts of battery’s energy and power were evaluated ...

This paper proposes the use of Electromechanical Brakes (EMB) in combination with regenerative braking in PHEV so braking force can be distributed to front and rear axles according to an optimal curve instead of a linear line. Therefore, more braking force will be distributed to front axle, which will offer more kinetic energy for regenerative braking. Fuzzy logic control is used to allocate br...

This article proposes an improved modular design methodology of a power-split plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) that introduces advanced electrothermal coupled model and temperature-related subobjective to simultaneously reveal battery thermal electrical dynamics in the design. Considering provide customers with more optimal configuration solutions, Pareto-augmented collaborative optimizat...

Word Count (not including abstract, footnotes, figure/table legends or appendices): 5981 2 Abstract Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) will soon start to be introduced into the transportation sector, thereby raising a host of issues related to their use, adoption and effects on the electricity sector. Their introduction has the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions from the t...