Sound symbolism refers to associations between language sounds (i.e., phonemes) and perceptual and/or semantic features. One example is the maluma/takete effect: an association certain phonemes (e.g., /m/, /u/) roundness, others /k/, /ɪ/) spikiness. While this has been demonstrated in laboratory tasks with nonword stimuli, its presence existing spoken unknown. Here we examined whether effect at...

Sound symbolism refers to associations between certain language sounds (i.e., phonemes) and perceptual and/or semantic properties. Crucially, the different of a phoneme do not appear be wholly independent. For instance, /i/ is associated with sharpness, smallness brightness. Previous work has shown that these properties are all related one another (Walker et al., 2012). This suggests higher ord...

For many years, speech has been the most natural and efficient means of information exchange for human beings. With the advancement of technology and the prevalence of computer usage, the design and production of speech recognition systems have been considered by researchers. Among this, lip-reading techniques encountered with many challenges for speech recognition, that one of the challenges b...

Although Persian and English share many common phonemes, there are some phonological features that are present in English but absent in Persian which tend to lead to mispronunciation on the part of Persian learners of English, mostly through negative transfer. The present research assesses the efficacy of a communicative framework in improving Iranian adult EFL learners’ pronunciation of five E...

The heart of a speech recognition system is the acoustic model of sub-word units (e.g., phonemes). In this work we discuss refinements of the stochastic segment model, an alternative to hidden Markov models for representation of the acoustic variability of phonemes. We concentrate on mechanisms for better modelling time correlation of features across an entire segment. Results are presented for...

This article concentrates on an interesting study of the supra-segmental phonemes L1 and L2. A stress sign or mark has no phonemic value in Arabic; this is very different from English, which contains three common degrees levels word stress, that effect meaning. Stress can also joins segments, affecting their grammatical structures. The intonation forms pitch, too, play out differently two langu...