Methods pPRV111A::neoSTLS2 construction and transplastomic plants pPRV111A::neoSTLS2 was produced by ligating the HindIII fragment containing neoSTLS2 from plasmid pCMneoSTLS2 (ref. 13) into pPRV111A. This transformation vector was introduced into the plastids of Nicotiana tabacum L. Petit Havana (N,N) by biolistic bombardment, and homoplasmic plants were regenerated as described previously. Th...

Images of supermassive black holes produced using very long baseline interferometry provide a pathway to directly observing effects highly curved spacetime, such as bright “photon ring” that arises from strongly lensed emission. In addition, the emission near is variable, with high-energy flares regularly observed. We demonstrate intrinsic variability can introduce prominent associated changes ...

We use three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the effects of a transient photoionizing ultraviolet (UV) flux on the collapse and cooling of pregalactic clouds. These clouds have masses in the range 10 – 10 M⊙, form at high redshifts (z ∼ > 18), and are assumed to lie within the short–lived cosmological HII regions around the first generation of stars. In addition, we study th...

the ever increasing rate of power consumption has led to an increase in public exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (elf-mfs) and brought severe concerns about their health effects. considering previous studies and the facts about potential health effects of these fields, the present study aimed to evaluate the elf-mf flux densities from power distribution lines near hospitals in...

The development of a robust light source that emits one photon at a time will allow new technologies such as secure communication through quantum cryptography. Devices based on fluorescent dye molecules, quantum dots and carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated, but none has combined a high single-photon flux with stable, room-temperature operation. Luminescent centres in diamond have recently e...

The charging of conducting and insulating dust grains in flowing plasmas in the presence of a directed photon flux is studied using Particle-In-Cell numerical simulations. We analyze the charge on dust grains for different photon fluxes and different angles of the photon incidence with respect to the supersonic plasma flow direction. For conducting grains we find that the total charge can be ef...

Abstract The angle-integrated flux spectrum of an undulator has sharp dropoffs at harmonic photon energies. Its derivative therefore shows pronounced peaks with rms width ∆ω/ω ~ 0.4/nN, where ω is the photon energy, n is the harmonic number, and N is the number of undulator periods. For the fundamental photon energy of the Advanced Photon Source diagnostics undulator, the derivative of the angl...