Background: Given the importance of scattered and low doses in secondary cancer caused by radiation treatment, the point dose of critical organs, which were not subjected to radiation treatment in breast cancer radiotherapy, was measured.Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the peripheral dose in two techniques of breast cancer radiotherapy with two energies. Methods: Eight diff...

Impairments in cell migration processes may cause various diseases, among which cancer cell metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, and the disability of immune cells to infiltrate into tumors are prominent ones. Mathematical modeling has been widely used to analyze the cell migration process. Cell migration is a complicated process and requires statistical methods such as random walk for proper analys...

A number of investigators have recently claimed, based on both analysis from transport theory and transport-theory-based Monte Carlo calculations, that the diffusion coefficient for photon migration should be taken to be independent of absorption. We show that these analyses are flawed and that the correct way of extracting diffusion theory from transport theory gives an absorption-dependent di...

Multichannel Scaler (MCS) electronics are often used in lidar-based photon counting applications. The NASA SBIR Phase-I effort resulted in a highly integrated, low power, USB-based MCS hardware prototype and Windows-based software. The Phase-II project focused on expanding the Phase-I MCS development in creating a complete flexible lidar data acquisition “system-on-a-card." Key motivations in t...

Over the past decade, developments towards near-infrared (NIR) optical tomography involve the recovery of interior optical maps from boundary measurements using the first principles of light propagation models. The refractive-index mismatch parameter in the boundary condition of the light propagation model, namely the diffusion equation, can significantly impact model prediction of measurements...

in exploration seismology, migration refers to a multi-channel processing step that attempts to spatially re-position events and improve focusing. before migration, seismic data is usually displayed with traces plotted at the surface location of the receivers and with a vertical time axis. this means that dipping reflections are systematically mispositioned in the lateral coordinate and the ver...

Normal biomechanical and physiological functions of striated muscles are facilitated by the repeating sarcomere units. Light scattering technique has been used in studying single extracted muscle fibers. However, few studies, if any, have been conducted to investigate the possibility of using optical detection to examine sarcomere structure changes in whole muscles. We conducted a series of exp...