Common and dwarf bunt of wheat are recognized as being caused by three closely related species, Tilletia caries and T. laevis as common bunt, and T. controversa as dwarf bunt. The morphological characteristics of two species including T. controversa and T. caries were studied from wheat grown in two provinces of Iran, Lorestan and Chaharmahal–o-Bakhtiari duri...

apple stem pitting virus (aspv) is one of the most common viruses of apple and pear trees. during 2012 to 2013, a total of 1053 symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples were collected from orchards in nine provinces of iran. aspv infection was detected by das-elisa and pcr in 54 samples (5.12%) from seven provinces. based on the geographical origin, 22 representative isolates were selected for...

veritable identification and differentiation of avian species is a vital step in conservative, taxonomic, forensic, legal and other ornithological interventions. therefore, this study involved the application of molecular approach to identify some avian species i.e. chicken (gallus gallus), muskovy duck (cairina moschata), japanese quail (coturnix japonica), laughing dove (streptopelia senegale...

to study molecular evolutionary characteristics and genetics of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) isolates population from iran, nucleotide sequences of p25 and coat protein (cp) were determined and the amino acids sequences thus deduced were analyzed using phylogenetic and population genetics methods. a survey of bnyvv in iran indicated the infection of 288 collected samples out of 392 s...

backgrounds and objectives: classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses, the h9n2 subtype causes severe respiratory disease in poultry farms and occasional respiratory disease in humans. in this study, the neuraminidase (na) gene of three avian influenza (ai) h9n2 strains isolated from poultry farms in iran during 2010-11, as well as other reported iranian h9n2 isolates, were ge...