Fourteen new withanolides, 1-14, named withalongolides A-N, respectively, were isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia together with eight known compounds (15-22). The structures of compounds 1-14 were elucidated through spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods. In addition, the structures of withanolides 1, 2, 3, and 6 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Using...

Abstract The volume of transcriptome data is growing exponentially due to rapid improvement of experimental technologies. In response, large central resources such as those of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) are continually adapting their computational infrastructure to accommodate this large influx of data. New and specialized databases, such as Transcriptome Shotgun A...

Balanced genetic polymorphism has been proposed as a source from which to infer population history complementary to that of neutral genetic polymorphism, because genetic polymorphism maintained by balancing selection permits inferences about population size over much longer spans of time. However, empirical data for both S genes and major histocompatibility complex genes do not fit expectations...

calystegines were isolated from the root cultures of physalis divaricata, p. pubescens, p. philadelphia,and p. philadelphia (solanaceae). calystegines of p. divaricata were identified as calystegine a3, a5, b1 and b2, with concentrations of 6.99, 4.41, 8.52, and 14.7 ?g/g in fresh mass, respectively. root cultures of p.pubescens contain calystegine a3, b1 and b2, p. philadelphia only contains c...

Background: Determining the sperm quality can be measured by calculating motility and spermmotility is governed intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration. However, calciumincrease found in essential hypertension cases may decrease acrosome reaction increase ROS production,and trigger cell apoptosis. Ground cherry (Physalis angulata L) an herbal plant containingbioflavonoid as antioxidant which...

The increase of heart failure prevalence on menopausal women was correlated with the decrease of estrogen level. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ceplukan leaf (Physalis minima L.), which contains phytoestrogen physalin and withanolides, on ventricular TNF-α level and fibrosis in ovariectomized rats. Wistar rats were divided into six groups (control (-); OVX 5: 5-week ovar...

Natural phenotypic variation, a result of genetic variation, developed during evolution in response to environmental selections. Physalis philadelphica, known as tomatillo in the Solanaceae, is rich in floral and post-floral organ size diversity. However, its genetic variation is unknown. Here P. philadelphica was classified into three groups with large, intermediate, and small reproductive org...

The two moth species Heliothis virescens (Hv) and H. subflexa (Hs) are closely related, but have vastly different feeding habits. Hv is a generalist and an important pest in many crops in the USA, while Hs is a specialist feeding only on plants in the genus Physalis. In this study, we conducted a comparative population genetic analysis to assess whether and how generalist and specialist life st...