This paper investigates the extent to which Empirical Modelling principles are appropriate for modelling physical devices, and the advantages and disadvantages of doing so, illustrated with a ‘prototype’ model of the series of German encryption machines known as Enigma. The paper discusses how effectively such models of physical devices can be used in an educational environment, any considerati...

Physical modelling of musical instruments is an exciting thus the method that is used for producing the digital new paradigm in digital sound synthesis. The basic idea is sound signal. to imitate the sound production mechanism of an acoustic A fundamental difference between the physical musical instrument using a computer program. The sound modelling approach and other synthesis techniques is p...

SUMMARY Semiphysical modelling is often interpreted as an application of system identiication where physical insight into the application is used to come up with suitable non-linear transformations of the raw measurements so as to allow for a good model structure. This modelling procedure is lessàmbitious' than those used for traditional physical modelling in that no complete physical structure...

This review is intended as a comprehensive but concise summary of present capabilities in coastal pollutant, ecosystem and water quality modelling. It reflects the recent rapid developments in multidisciplinary modelling in shelf seas. The behaviour of conservative pollutants that act as passive tracers is contrasted with those that have more complex behaviours, including oil spills. The import...

Recent focus on the importance of cold, unshocked gas accretion in galaxy formation – not explicitly included in semi-analytic studies – motivates the following detailed comparison between two inherently different modelling techniques: direct hydrodynamical simulation and semi-analytic modelling. By analysing the physical assumptions built into the GASOLINE simulation, formulae for the emergent...

The main activity of physical sciences is to establish models of reality which can be used for measurements, predictions of new phenomena, and possibly for the falsification of current theories. Modelling in computer graphics has many of these characteristics, and this makes it a particularly interesting activity. The modelling of natural phenomena is especially challenging, because these are c...

Over the years, considerable efforts have been made to study the performance of Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) and mould of continuous slab caster. Numerous physical and numerical modelling studies have already been carried out and reported in the literature to study the fluid flow behaviour inside the mould. Based on the extensive literature search, a summary of these is presented here. For the ...

Correct scaling of breach analysis of river levees is a challenging task that is not easily accomplished by physical modelling. Several small-scale physical model tests have been conducted at 1-g level, which cannot truly represent the stress-dependency of soils, whereas the scaling issues arising from centrifuge modelling have not been fully explored.Two key features have to be considered when...