Prior research on the development of race-based categorization has concluded that children understand the perceptual basis of race categories from as early as age 4 (e.g. Aboud, 1988). However, such work has rarely separated the influence of skin color from other physiognomic features considered by adults to be diagnostic of race categories. In two studies focusing on Black-White race categoriz...

Phylobetadiversity is defined as the phylogenetic resemblance between communities or biomes. Analyzing phylobetadiversity patterns among different vegetation physiognomies within a single biome is crucial to understand the historical affinities between them. Based on the widely accepted idea that different forest physiognomies within the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest constitute different f...

Criteria need to be developed to evaluate the cultural environment of European rural landscapes. The goal is to evaluate and encourage the contribution of organic farming to sustainable landscape quality. Two sets of criteria were used to evaluate the quality of the cultural environment, non-expert and expert values. The non-expert values consisted of criteria for the appreciation of the presen...

Desertification is often characterized by the replacement of mesophytic grasses with xerophytic shrubs. Livestock grazing is considered a key driver of shrub encroachment, although most evidence is anecdotal or confounded by other factors. Mapping of velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina) shrubs in and out of exclosures in 1932, 1948, and 2006 in semiarid grasslands of southeastern Arizona, USA, a...

To investigate the relationship between herbivory and floristic complexity, we measured losses to herbivores in four 0.1to 4-yr-old tropical ecosystems: (1) unman? ipulated successional vegetation, (2) successional vegetation with higher plant diversity than the unmanipulated succession, (3) an ecosystem of investigator-controlled species composition, designed to imitate the physiognomy and spe...

The ecosystems within the area that burned in the Hayman Fire have a long history of fire (see part 1 of this chapter). It follows, therefore, that all of the native species and populations in this area probably have one or more mechanisms for enduring fire or becoming reestablished after fire and that no native species is likely to become extinct as a result of the direct effects of the Hayman...

Recent conflicts at the international level highlight joint and multinational character of operations in today’s security environment where conventional unconventional, asymmetric actions are combined. Over time, order to optimise make more efficient human, information material resources employed, ensure a flexible pragmatic strategic vision, there has been continuous need seek proactive, colle...

Abstract This article analyses legal texts written by Nikolaos Koumaros that were foundational to the 4th of August regime in Greece. It demonstrates possessed an ideology did not differ substantially from other authoritarian regimes period. In particular, choice as central theorist can be explained his familiarity with anti-liberal theories time. His engagement these was linked studies France ...