This paper proposes and discusses an eXtended Pictorial Query Language (XPQL) for geographic data, and its possible use on the Web. This query language is mapped in Geographic Markup Language (GML 3.0), which is used for transport to the Web and storage of geographic information, including spatial and non-spatial properties of geographic features, as well as the temporal and topological propert...

This paper mainly studies attribute reduction which keeps the lattice structure in formal contexts based on the property pictorial diagram. Firstly, the property pictorial diagram of a formal context is defined. Based on such diagram, an attribute reduction approach of concept lattice is achieved. Then, through the relation between an original formal context and its complementary context, an at...

Adults can use pictorial depth cues to infer three-dimensional structure in two-dimensional depictions of objects. The age at which infants respond to the same kinds of visual information has not been determined, and theories about the underlying developmental mechanisms remain controversial. In this study, we used a visual habituation/novelty-preference procedure to assess the ability of 4-mon...

Architects often use two-dimensional media to represent, visualise, and study the three-dimensional qualities of un-built spaces. Knowledge of pictorial cues is a powerful design tool that can be used to enhance the spatial qualities of built environments. This paper draws from the recent developments in computer graphics (physically based renderings and perceptually based tone mapping techniqu...

Multimedia systems involve the association of various types of information: verbal information presented visually or auditorily, static or dynamic pictorial information, and sound information. In a cognitive approach, integrating this information involves complex processes constrained by properties of the learner’s cognitive system, and especially by the capacity of working memory. This paper, ...

Artists have been looking at the world for thousands of years, and thus paintings and drawings can be considered to form a  -year-old corpus of experimental psychology of perception. Through observation and trial-and-error they have exploited the principles of how our brains interpret the input from the retina, giving priority to only certain regularities of the visual pattern. Thus, a stu...

a University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada. Correspondence to Geoffrey T Fong (e-mail: [email protected]). Cigarette packages in most countries carry a health warning; however, the position, size and general strength of these warnings vary considerably across jurisdictions.1 Article 11 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and the Ar...

Three experiments examined the effects of using informative verbal and pictorial cues on participants' abilities to perform visual search. By providing participants with more time to encode the cues than had been used previously, all three experiments revealed long-lasting pictorially cued search advantages that stabilized over time. Experiments 1 and 3 demonstrated that searching for changing ...

In the following sections, we provide additional material for the paper “Active Pictorial Structures”. Section 1 explains in more detail the differences between the proposed Active Pictorial Structures (APS) and Pictorial Structures (PS). Section 2 presents the proofs about the structure of the precision matrices of the Gaussian Markov Random Filed (GMRF) (Eqs. 10 and 12 of the main paper). Sec...

Artists have been looking at the world for thousands of years, and thus paintings and drawings can be considered to form a  -year-old corpus of experimental psychology of perception. Through observation and trial-and-error they have exploited the principles of how our brains interpret the input from the retina, giving priority to only certain regularities of the visual pattern. Thus, a stu...