Areas ofvegetation mortality have been recognized in the upland forests of the Kaimai Ranges, North Island, New Zealand. The mortality is not confined to any particular vegetation type, but occurs above a critical altitude that differs at different points along the ranges. The mortality is episodic and has occurred at intervals over a period of several hundred years, with severe droughts implic...

Introduction: The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) onboard ESA's Mars Express (MEX) orbiter [1] has provided 12.5 m/pixel projected images for a north-south transect of the four major Tharsis shield volcanoes. These data provide an unprecedented opportunity to examine lava flows at high resolution with regional context. Our objective is to characterize late-stage effusive processes and iden...

Introduction: The acquisition of image data from the Mars Odyssey THermal EMission Imaging System (THEMIS) and the European Space Agency’s Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) have enabled new observations, and in some cases interpretations, of small volcanic features in the Tharsis region of Mars. While image resolution limitations have traditionally hampered detailed inspection o...

PURPOSE All-ceramic crowns are subject to fracture during function. To minimize this common clinical complication, zirconium oxide has been used as the framework for all-ceramic crowns. The aim of this study was to compare the fracture strengths of two computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) zirconia crown systems: Lava and Digident. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty Lava CAD/...

Melt supply at the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) has been shown to vary from nearly amagmatic, leading ultramafic seafloor, magmatically robust, producing fully volcanic seafloor. The center of SWIR 50°28′E segment represents a robust endmember. High-resolution bathymetry and backscatter, near-bottom magnetic data, visual observations were acquired infer spatiotemporal varia...

Over two hundred isolated outcrops of horizontally stratified, basaltic lava flows within the inner gorge of western Grand Canyon indicate that several natural “lava dams” blocked the flow of the Colorado River during the Pleistocene, resulting in the formation of several lakes within the canyon. The largest lake was 90 m above the high water level of present-day Lake Powell and backed up a dis...

SO2 emission rates from Erebus volcano show periodicity, which directly relates to lava lake convection and magma and conduit processes. Mt. Erebus is a 3794 m stratovolcano with a persistently degassing convecting, phonolite lava lake. Lava lake SO2 emission rates were collected from 1992 to 2003 using the correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) and in 2003 and 2005 using a miniature ultra-violet di...

INTRODUCTION Observational studies report inverse associations between the use of feather upper bedding (pillow and/or quilt) and asthma symptoms but there is no randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence assessing the role of feather upper bedding as a secondary prevention measure. OBJECTIVE To determine whether, among children not using feather upper bedding, a new feather pillow and feathe...

Timely predictions of the areas likely to be inundated by lava flows are of major interest to hazard managers during a volcanic eruption. To this aim several models have been developed, which deal with various aspects of flow emplacement and cooling. That challenge has inspired the INGV-CT to develop the MAGFLOW Cellular Automata model to simulate lava flows [6]. It is based on a steady state s...

Terrestrial planetary bodies such as Mars and the Moon are known to harbor volcanic terrain with enclosed lava tube conduits and caves. The shielding from cosmic radiation that they provide makes them a potentially hospitable habitat for life. This motivates the need to explore such lava tubes and assess their potential as locations for future human outposts. Such exploration will likely be con...