The purpose of this investigation was to create a flatfoot model and reconstruct the deformity with a novel static medial ligamentous complex (MLC) and to evaluate its ability to correct talar head subluxation and the radiographic flatfoot deformity. Four pairs of matched cadaveric specimens were sectioned to create a severe flatfoot model. Cyclic preconditioning and axial loading was applied t...

Nomenclature C = chord length, m C T = thrust coefficient f = flapping frequency, Hz h tip = plunge amplitude at the wing tip, m k = ωC∕U ∞ , reduced frequency l span = wingspan, m Re = U ∞ C∕ν, Reynolds number r z = z-directional distance away from the wing tip, m S wing = wing area, m 2 St = fh tip ∕U ∞ , Strouhal number U ∞ = freestream velocity, m∕s ν = kinematic viscosity of fluid, m 2 ∕s ...

The cosmic noise absorption (CNA) is compared with the precipitating electron flux for 19 events observed in the morning sector, using the high-resolution data obtained during the conjugate observations with the imaging riometer at Poker Flat Research Range (PFRR; 65.11 N, 147.42 W), Alaska, and the low-altitude satellite, NOAA 12. We estimate the CNA, using the precipitating electron flux meas...

Kinetic wave-particle interactions in Earth’s outer radiation belt energize and scatter high-energy electrons, playing an important role the dynamic variation of extent intensity belt. It is possible to model effects across long length time scales using quasi-linear theory, leading a Fokker-Planck equation describe waves on high energy electrons. This powerful theory renders efficacy interactio...

process can, therefore, be complex and protracted, since several iteration loops are required before the optimum can be determined. The “optimum” determined in this way is still only a best possible compromise. In addition to this pre-configuration, it is usually necessary to optimize the parameters determined in the simulation during commissioning of the turbine. This process can also be rathe...