We investigated the involvement of PKA and PKC signaling in a negatively reinforced operant learning paradigm in Aplysia, learning that food is inedible (LFI). In vivo injection of PKA or PKC inhibitors blocked long-term LFI memory formation. Moreover, a persistent phase of PKA activity, although not PKC activity, was necessary for long-term memory. Surprisingly, neither PKA nor PKC activity wa...

Bu çalışmada, Eskişehir ili Kırka ilçesinden temin edilen bor işletme tesisi proses katı atıklarının (PKA) sondaj çamurlarında kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Amerikan Petrol Enstitüsü (API) Spec. 13-A standardına göre spud tip çamur numuneleri hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan numunelerde farklı oranlarda (ağırlıkça %4-8) ve tane boyutlarında (75-50µm) PKA bentoniti katkılanmış...

The capsaicin receptor, VR1 (also known as TRPV1), is a ligand-gated ion channel expressed on nociceptive sensory neurons that responds to noxious thermal and chemical stimuli. Capsaicin responses in sensory neurons exhibit robust potentiation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). In this study, we demonstrate that PKA reduces VR1 desensitization and directly phosphorylates VR1. In vitro phos...

Inflammatory molecules sensitize peripheral nociceptors, making them responsive to innocuous stimuli. Sensitization is mediated by protein kinase A (PKA), but the ion channels involved are not known. PKA increases expression of voltage-gated sodium channels, but knock-out of these channels does not eliminate inflammation-induced sensitization. PKA also decreases potassium currents, but the perc...

Transcription factor Sp1 is a phosphoprotein whose level and DNA binding activity are markedly increased in doxorubicin-resistant HL-60 (HL-60/AR) leukemia cells. The trans-activating and DNA binding properties of Sp1 in HL-60/AR cells are stimulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and PKA agonists and inhibited by PKA antagonists as well as by the PKA regulatory subunit. Reporter gene a...

The dynamics of PKA activity in the olfactory learning and memory center, the mushroom bodies (MBs), are still poorly understood. We addressed this issue in vivo using a PKA FRET probe. Application of dopamine, the main neuromodulator involved in aversive learning, resulted in PKA activation specifically in the vertical lobe, whereas octopamine, involved in appetitive learning, stimulated PKA i...

Inflammatory mediators through the activation of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway sensitize primary afferent nociceptors to mechanical, thermal, and osmotic stimuli. However, it is unclear which ion conductances are responsible for PKA-induced nociceptor hyperexcitability. We have previously shown the abundant expression of Slack sodium-activated potassium (K(Na)) channels in nociceptive dors...

Signaling through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase A (PKA)] is an important and widely studied area of signal transduction research. This signaling pathway is commonly investigated through the use of the pharmacological PKA inhibitors H89 and KT 5720. Both of these compounds are thought to block PKA actions through competitive inhibition of the adenosi...

The use of ashes derived from various waste sources as supplements to synthesized ceramic reinforcement in metal matrices has been established. However, studies involving a combination particulates three different are rare. In bid further knowledge this aspect research and develop green aluminium composite for automobile applications, the present investigation studied implication adding palm ke...