OBJECTIVES This research aims at studying the neuroendocrine effects of music on creating morphine dependence in mice using conditioned place preference (CPP). METHODS The mice treated with 10 mg/kg morphine subcutaneously, fast music and slow music. Morphine was used to create dependence. In order to recognize the morphine rewarding effects, CPP technique was used. In the conditioning stage ...

The influence of calcium channel antagonists on the behavioral sensitization to nicotine-induced hyperlocomotion and place preference was investigated. Locomotor sensitization in mice was produced by injecting nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days before placement in an apparatus in which locomotor activity was evaluated for 1 h. One week later, activity of mice was recorded after c...

The authors tested the decreased reward function hypothesis of nicotine withdrawal using a novel-object place conditioning task. A conditioned place preference was evident in controls and in rats that had experienced 4 nicotine withdrawal days, but not in rats that had experienced 1-3 withdrawal days. This implies that the rewarding properties of interacting with novel objects were not readily ...

Background and Objective: Identifying the details of the injurious effects of alcohol seems to be decisive in nowadays with growing abuse of the substance. This study mainly aimed to assess the adverse effects of ethanol on the recalling of information in the Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (Pasteur Institute of Iran) were evaluated using the novelty seeking behavior based ...

Psychotic fear and anxiety disturbances are seen at a relatively high frequency in patients with schizophrenia. Atypical anti-psychotics are believed to show superior efficacy in reducing these symptoms. However, clinical and preclinical evidence regarding their anxiolytic efficacy has been mixed. In this study, we evaluated the possible anxiolytic property of two atypicals clozapine and olanza...

BACKGROUND Role of nitric oxide (NO) in morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) has already been proposed in the rat medial septum (MS), but no molecular evidence has been provided to clear this fact. METHODS Effects of intraseptal injections of L-arginine and/or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on morphine place conditioning in Wistar rats were examined. Morphine (2.5-7....

which signaled a change which has taken place in thinking about Pavlovian conditioning in the last several decades. It suggested that the contingency between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US), rather than their simple pairing (or contiguity), is responsible for their becoming associated. The notions of contingency and contiguity had not explicitly been separated in Pav...