introduction: one of the serious problems in the further development of maize cultivation is increasing irrigation efficiency. using conventional irrigation causes a shortage of water resources to increase the acreage of the crop. with regard to the development of maize cultivation, agronomic and executable methods must be studied to reduce water consumption. using drip irrigation system is mos...

Most agronomic models estimate canopy light interception using the Beer-Lambert law. This method only accounts for leaf area index (LAI) and leaf angle distribution (LAD) without considering the crop’s structural heterogeneity in space, or soil-leaf or leaf-leaf radiative scattering. These factors have been extensively studied during the past ten years e.g; (Luquet et al. 1998; Nouvellon et al....

in order to evaluate the yield, yield components and protein contents of two wheat cultivars (zarrin and gaspard) in sole cropping and intercropping systems,an experiment was conducted using replacement serious technique and different combinations of intercropping with high plant density and optimal of each cultivar. a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete block ...

babol local lettuce as a landrace in mazandaran, has cultivated for many years. local lettuce is a mixture of different genotypic and phenotypic forms which affects its marketability. it was purified by individual selection method during a three year priod (1998-2000) based on the selection for characteristics such as shape of bush, closed pome high yield, good marketability and resistance to d...

his investigation was carried out to reveal the impact of solar radiation on wind flow structure and pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon of aspect ratio of one using the computational fluid dynamic (cfd) technique. the simulation results (velocity and concentration data) show that heating from building wall surfaces and ground lead to strong buoyancy forces as the air is heated by th...

One of the effective methods to improve the thermal efficiency of solar collectors is using nanofluids as the coolant. The present study experimentally investigated the effect of SiO2/water nanofluid with 1% mass fraction on the performance of a symmetric collector, i.e. conical solar collector. The conical solar collector with 1 m2 area and normal to the earth was tested in Ahvaz, a city in th...

Crown porosity influences radiation interception, air movement through the fruit orchard, spray penetration, and harvesting operation in fruit crops. The aim of the present study was to develop an accurate and reliable methodology based on transmitted radiation measurements to assess the porosity of traditional olive trees under different pruning treatments. Transmitted radiation was employed a...

precipitation and air temperature data, only, are often recorded at meteorological stations, with radiation beingmeasured at very few weather stations, especially in developing countries. therefore there arises a need for suitablemodels to estimate solar radiation for a completion of data sets. this paper is about an evaluation of eight models foran estimation of daily solar radiation (q) from ...

This study was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of using reflective mulch under stands oil palm plants several ages on intensity solar radiation reflection, growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic characteristics soybeans. A nested design used, with first factor age group consisting open land aged 4, 5, 8 years. The second that included without mulch, inorganic organic mulch. use ...