Background The live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (JE-CV; IMOJEV) induces a protective response in children. A shift in circulating JE virus strains suggests that a genotype shift phenomenon may occur throughout Southeast Asia. We assessed the neutralization of wild-type (WT) JE virus isolates at distal time points after vaccination. Methods We analyzed serum samples from a su...

BACKGROUND Effective neutralization in testing hand hygiene preparations is considered to be a crucial element to ensure validity of the test results, especially with the difficulty to neutralize chlorhexidine gluconate. Aim of the study was to measure the effect of chemical neutralization under practical test conditions according to EN 1500. METHODS We have investigated two ethanol-based han...

Dear Sir: In a recent article, Edupuganti and others reported a clinical study of co-administration of subcutaneous yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine (YF-VAX Ò ; Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France) and intramuscular immune serum globulin (ISG) (amaSTAN S/D Ò ; Talecris Biotherapeutics, Research Triangle Park, NC) or saline placebo. 1 The study was designed to test whether co-administration of vaccine and...

BACKGROUND Goal of this in vivo prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded, cross over study was to compare the level of plaque control and gingivitis after use of a novel dental gel (test) vs. A Triclosan/copolymer dentifrice (control). METHODS After coronal polishing, 22 subjects with moderate gingivitis were randomly assigned to brush twice daily with test or control dentifrice fo...

BACKGROUND Plaque is intimately related to the production and progress of dental caries and inflammatory gingival and periodontal diseases. Good plaque control facilitates the return to health for patients with gingival and periodontal diseases. Daily use of a toothbrush and other oral hygiene aids is the most dependable way to achieve oral health benefits for all patients. METHODS A randomiz...

The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is a specific serological test used to identify and confirm arbovirus infection in diagnostic laboratories and monitor immunological protection in vaccine recipients. Wild-type (wt) viruses used in the PRNT may be difficult to grow and plaque titrate, such as the dengue viruses (DENV), and/or may require biosafety level 3 (BSL3) containment, such ...

Antisera prepared against 16 strains of hantaviruses isolated from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or from rodents captured in HFRS-endemic and nonendemic regions were titrated against Hantaan virus strain 76-118, Puumala virus strain Sotkamo, and Prospect Hill virus strain Prospect Hill-I by using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody and plaque reduction neutraliz...

Through the Advisory Committee on Dengue and other Flavivirus Vaccines, the World Health Organization(WHO) has had a long-standing commitment to facilitate and to guide research and development of vaccines for medically important flaviviruses. Recently, the Paediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative (PDVI) was formed to accelerate the development, testing, and introduction of dengue (DEN)vaccines wor...

Ngari, Bunyamwera, Ilesha, and Germiston viruses are among the mosquito-borne human pathogens in the Orthobunyavirus genus, family Bunyaviridae, associated with febrile illness. Although the four orthobunyaviruses have been isolated from mosquito and/or tick vectors sampled from different geographic regions in Kenya, little is known of human exposure in such areas. We conducted a serologic inve...