Abiotic stress causes major crop losses and is considered a greater challenge than biotic stress. Comparisons of the number of published articles and patents regarding these different types of stresses, and the number of commercially released crops designed to tolerate different types of stresses, revealed a huge gap in the bench-to-field transfer rate of abiotic stress-tolerant crops, as compa...

Two phenomena will be considered. Phase transformations (PTs) and chemical reactions (CRs) under compression and shear of materials in rotational diamond anvil cell (RDAC) represent examples of apparent effects of plastic shear. We recently predicted the new phenomenon that crystal-crystal and crystalamorphous PTs can occur through virtual melting (VM) significantly below (> 1000K!) the melting...

The nature and distribution of residual stresses are invariably critical for fatigue life with dissimilar material joints often inducing high tensile residual stresses. A fatigue-resistant concept of weld cladding process pipelines, producing compressive residual stresses, is under investigation to examine how these stresses may be influenced. Simplified weld cladding simulations have successfu...

In the physical sciences, "stress" is defined as the force per unit area, or pressure, acting upon a solid body, resulting in the deformation (strain) of the solid. At low stresses the strain is said to be elastic, directly proportional to the stress and reversible; the solid returns to its original shape after the stress is removed. As the stress increases the elastic limit is reached, after w...

[1] Plastic sea ice rheologies that employ teardrop and parabolic lens yield curves and allow varying biaxial tensile stresses have been developed. These rheologies, together with the previously developed ellipse and Mohr-Coulomb-ellipse rheologies, are implemented in a thickness and enthalpy distribution sea ice model to examine the rheological effect in numerical investigations of arctic clim...

The impact of thermal barrier coatings by hard projectiles at high temperature has been analyzed. Three different domains have been explored: each differentiated by particle size, velocity, temperature and TBC composition. Domain I applies when the projectile creates deeply penetrating plastic/densification zones. In this case, short time elastic effects are relatively unimportant. The response...

Cutting-induced plasticity can lead to elevated uncertainties in residual stress measurements made by the contour method. In this study plasticity-induced stress errors are numerically evaluated for a benchmark edge-welded beam to understand the underlying mechanism. Welding and cutting are sequentially simulated by finite element models which have been validated by previous experimental result...

A coupled phase field and crystal plasticity model is established to analyze formation of dislocation structures residual stresses during rapid solidification additively manufactured 316L stainless steel. The work focuses on investigating the role microsegregation related intra-grain cellular microstructure 316L. Effect shrinkage considered along with mediated plastic flow material solidificati...

[1] Taiwan’s Hsüehshan range experienced penetrative coaxial deformation within and near the brittle-plastic transition between 6.5 and 3 Ma. This recent and short-lasting deformation in an active, well-studied orogen makes it an ideal natural laboratory for studying crustal rheology. Recrystallized grain size piezometry in quartz and Ti-in-quartz thermobarometry yield peak differential stresse...

The lifetime of micro electro–thermo–mechanical actuators with complex electro–thermo–mechanical coupling mechanisms can be decreased significantly due to unexpected failure events. Even more serious is the fact that various failures are tightly coupled due to micro-size and multi-physics effects. Interrelation between performance and potential failures should be established to predict reliabil...