We report a case of Eikenella corrodens sepsis associated with CSF pleocytosis in a very low birth weight neonate. A 1000-gram male neonate was born at 27-week gestation due to preterm labor. The patient presented with signs and symptoms of sepsis and was treated for suspected meningitis with intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin for 7 days, with cefotaxime added for three weeks. He had a norma...

A 40-year-old man developed headache and a left oculomotor nerve palsy. MRI revealed diffuse enlargement of the pituitary gland and thickening of the pituitary stalk with strong gadolinium enhancement (figure). CSF examination showed a lymphocytic pleocytosis; there were laboratory findings of panhypopituitarism, but no related symptoms. We administered IV methylprednisolone. The headache and o...

Results: Twenty-one patients had advanced-stage MM. Leptomeningeal myelomatosis was diagnosed up to 29 months (median, 13 months) after diagnosis of MM. Symptoms precipitating neurologic evaluation included manifestations of diffuse cerebral dysfunction, cranial nerve palsies, and spinal radiculopathies. Cerebrospinal fluid was abnormal in all patients, usually exhibiting pleocytosis and elevat...

Increased intracranial pressure in patients with Lyme disease is an uncommon but reported finding. We discuss 2 patients from Lyme endemic areas who initially presented with headache, nausea, and vomiting and were eventually found to have increased intracranial pressure, a mild cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, and positive Lyme titers. It has been shown that increased intracranial pressure in a...

BACKGROUND Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a central nervous system demyelinating disease that usually follows an apparently benign infection in otherwise healthy young persons. The epidemiology, infectious antecedents and pathogenesis of ADEM are poorly characterized, and some ADEM patients are subsequently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We retrospectively (19...

BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) exposure to HIV is a universal facet of systemic infection. Because of its proximity to and shared barriers with the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a useful window into and model of human CNS HIV infection. METHODS Prospective study of the relationships of CSF to plasma HIV RNA, and the effects of: 1) progression of systemic infection, 2) CSF...

A 69-year-old woman presented with 1 month of rapid cognitive decline preceded by 1 year of very mild memory changes. Examination showed impaired attention, logopenic aphasia, anosognosia, simultagnosia, graphesthesia, and apraxia. Neuroimaging demonstrated leptomeningeal enhancement without significant parenchymal lesions or cerebral microbleeds (figure 1). A lymphocytic pleocytosis (15 nuclea...